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others). As such technologies are hydrogels groups 1 and 2. For example,
hydrogels or interpolymer complexes filled with nanoscale inorganic particles.
The second group of methods - simultaneous synthesis of inorganic or
polymeric phase, if each of the synthesis proceeds via different mechanisms. In
forming cross-links in each polymer phase having CHD. If cross-linking is
subject to only one of the phases, then a semi-IPN. This method is used to create
virtually any type of composite hydrogel materials including group 3. An
example is the synthesis of silicone-IPN hydrogel or hydrophilic polymer
compositions silica, in which the hydrophilic polymer is prepared by
conventional polymerization mechanism, and is formed from tetraalkoxysilanes
silica (sol - gel - technology). The third group of methods comprises two or
more successive stages. In the first stage the macromonomer synthesized, linear
or cross-linked polymer; then combine them with the components constituting
the second phase as a result of different chemical reactions. The most typical
examples - syntheses of block - and graft copolymers, amphiphilic conetworks,
sequential IPN or semi-IPN, organic-inorganic hydrogels through the formation
of the inorganic phase in the volume of the polymer by a sol - gel - technology.
For the desired properties of the composite polymer hydrogel is necessary
to form a sufficiently thin fabric structure. Manage composite hydrogel
morphology - the most difficult problem to solve several problems. At the
beginning of the synthesis should provide a homogeneous reaction system using
a common solvent or reagents, is well combined with each other, which are the
precursors of the final product, and converted to the desired composite hydrogel
as a result of additional chemical transformations after phase separation has
occurred and the morphology of the composite is fixed. Naturally, this problem
is not relevant, if one of the components - the inorganic particles are pre
formed. The second group of problems is related to the prevention of the macro
phase separation of the components. The most effective it can be solved by using
sequential synthesis method, where the second stages tend to be carried out with
the greatest possible speed. In this case, phase separation occurs on a micro - or
nano-level, and the long relaxation times of macromolecules provide a high
resistance formed structure. Another factor that increases the stability of the
morphology of the composite hydrogel, is to organize the covalent bonding of
polymer phase, for example, in conetworks, or multiple links of macromolecules
in the UPU and the floor - the UPU.
Information about the types of composite polymer hydrogels, their
properties and methods of obtaining permits to formulate the research areas that
solve a number of applications related to the improvement (modification)
properties of known single-phase polymer hydrogels and the creation of new
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