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materials with properties not achievable for conventional hydrogels, or
combination in one material properties compatible is difficult.
The first direction include studies to improve the mechanical properties of
the hydrogels used as supersorbents and substitute natural tissues and regulation
characteristics of thermo- and pH - sensitive hydrogels used in the creation of
means of drug delivery, and a variety of sensors, technical and medical purposes,
the effect of which is based on the decrease or increasing the volume of the
hydrogel as conditions change. It is shown that the composite hydrogels for
mechanical characteristics close to natural tissues, which offers the prospect of
replacement cartilage tissue, corneal tissue. It is noted that when creating
composite hydrogel, in some cases at the same time managed to improve the
mechanical properties and to increase the equilibrium water content in the
hydrogel.
The second direction is connected with giving the composite hydrogels
characteristics unusual to traditional hydrogels, namely antibacterial, magnetic,
conductive and other properties. Biphasic synthesis of hydrogels include
hydrophilic and silicone polymers, has opened new opportunities for the creation
of materials that combine hydrophilic properties with high oxygen permeability.
Silicone-hydrogels already used in manufacturing processes of oxygen-
permeable soft contact lenses suitable for continuous wear long without causing
reactions expressed by hypoxic eyes cornea. The silicone-hydrogels, find and
technical applications, for example for the manufacture of gas separation
membranes and ion exchange.
Thus, research to create composite polymer hydrogels currently one of the
rapidly developing areas of polymer science. These studies are carried out at the
intersection of several disciplines: Polymer Chemistry and Physics, biology,
medicine, membrane technology. The issues described in this review, the
problems are far from exhausted. This is indicated by studies in the field of
composite hydrogel membrane materials for different purposes and, in
particular, materials for proton conducting membranes used in fuel cells. Serious
prospects are connected with the registration in the composite hydrogels of
synthetic and natural polymers, which opens up new possibilities in the creation
of composites with the typical characteristics of synthetic materials, and
excellent compatibility with living tissues, characteristic for biopolymers.
Questions for self-control:
1.
Types of moisture sorption and impact on modern technology of
biopolymers
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