Упрощенная HTML-версия
98
– ɡɚɪɹɞɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɬɚɪɞɵ ɚɬɚԑɚɧɞɚ «ɨ» ɠɚɥԑɚɭɵ ɠɚɥԑɚ
-
ɧɚɞɵ; ɛɟɣɬɚɪɚɩ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɬɚɪ NH
3
ɚɦɦɢɧ, ɚɥ H
2
Ɉ – ɚɤɜɚ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɣɞɵ
.
– ɥɢɝɚɧɞɬɚɪ ɫɚɧɵɧ ɝɪɟɤ ɫɚɧɞɚɪɵɧɚɧ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ԕԝɪɚɥԑɚɧ
:
ɞɢ
-
, ԛɲ
-
, ɬɟɬɪɚ
-
, ɩɟɧɬɚ
-
, ɝɟɤɫɚ
-
ԕɨɫɵɦɲɚɥɚɪɵɦɟɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ
.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ
:
>
ɋ
d(NH
3
)
4
]SO
4
– ɬɟɬɪɚɚɦɦɢɧ ɤɚɞɦɢɣɞɿԙ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵ (ɉ);
K
2
[ɋd(CN)
4
]
– ɤɚɥɢɣɞɿԙ ɬɟɬɪɚɰɢɚɧɨɤɚɞɦɢɚɬɵ (ɉ).
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ΙɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵΝ ɠɿɤɬɟɥɭɿ
x
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɢɨɧɧɵΝ ɡɚɪɹɞɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
(q):
-
ɤɚɬɢɨɧɞɵԕ (
q
«+»,
K
ɂ –
Kt):
>
Cu(NH
3
)
4
]
2+
SO
4
;
>
Cr(H
2
Ɉ)
6
]
3+
Cl
3
-
ɚɧɢɨɧɞɵԕ (
q
«– »,
K
ɂ – Ⱥ
n): K
4
>
Fe(CN)
6
]
4
–
; Na
>
Al(OH)
4
]Ǧ
-
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɛɟɣɬɚɪɚɩɬɵ
(q
«0», ɿɲɤɿ ɫɮɟɪɚɫɵ ɠɨԕ):
>
Zn(NH
3
)
2
Cl
2
]
0
;
>
Co(NH
3
)
3
(NO
2
)
3
]
0
x
ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɞɬɚɥΕɚɧ ɥɢɝɚɧɞ ɬɚɛɢΕɚɬɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ:
-
ɚɤɜɚɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɟɪ
(H
2
Ɉ)
:
>
Co
(H
2
Ɉ)
4
]Cl
2
;
>
Cu
(H
2
Ɉ)
4
]SO
4
-
ɚɦɢɧɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɟɪ (
NH
3
):
>
Ag
(NH
3
)
2
]Cl;
>
Zn
(NH
3
)
4
]Cl
2
;
-
ɚɰɢɞɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɟɪ (ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ ԕɚɥɞɵԕɬɚɪ
:
Br
–
, Cl
–
, ɋ
N
–
ɠԥɧɟ ɬ.ɛ.):
Ʉ
2
>
Cu
Br
4
];
Ʉ
3
>
Fe(
CN
)
6
];
-
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɟɪ (
OH
–
): Na
2
>
Zn(
OH
)
4
]; Na
3
>
Cr(
OH
)
6
]
-
ɚɪɚɥɚɫ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɟɪ
(
ɬɚɛɢԑɚɬɵ ԥɪɬԛɪɥɿ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɚɥɚɪ
):
>
Pt(
OH
)
2
(
NH
3
)
4
]Cl
2
;
>
Co(
NH
3
)
3
(
NO
2
)
3
]
x
ɫɵɪɬΙɵ ɫɮɟɪɚɧɵΝ ΙΡɪɚɦɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ:
-
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪ (ɇ
+
):
H
2
>
CuCl
4
]
-
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪ (
OH
–
):
>
ɋ
r(NH
3
)
4
](
OH
)
2
-
ɬԝɡɞɚɪ (Ɇɟ
n+
ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ԕɵɲԕɵɥ ԕɚɥɞɵԕɬɚɪɵ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ
):
>
ɋ
u(NH
3
)
4
]
Cl
2
,
K
2
>
PtCl
6
]
x
ɷɥɟɤɬɪ ɬɨΕɵɧ Ϋɬɤɿɡɭ Ιɚɛɿɥɟɬɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
:
-
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɪ
(
ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɫɮɟɪɚɫɵ ɛɚɪ
): Na
>
Al(OH)
4
@
-
ɛɟɣɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɪ
(
ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɫɮɟɪɚɫɵ ɠɨԕ
):
>
Zn(NH
3
)
2
Cl
2
]
5.3 ɼ˓ː˔ˏʺˊ˖˘˲ ˌ˓˖˩ˏ˩˖˘ʲ˕ʹʲʸ˩ ˠˆːˆˮˏ˩ˌ
ʴʲˇˏʲˑ˩˖˘˩˒ ˘ʲʴˆʸʲ˘˩
Ԕɚɡɿɪɝɿ ɤɟɡɞɟɝɿ ԝԑɵɦԑɚ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ, ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɬɚɛɢԑɚ
-
ɬɵɧɵԙ ɧɟԑԝɪɥɵɦ ɬɨɥɵԕ ɬԛɫɿɧɿɝɿɧ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɿ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɚɪ ɦɟɧ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɪɥɵԕ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶɞɚɪ ԥɞɿɫɬɟɪɿ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɟɞɿ.