Упрощенная HTML-версия
97
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ:
[Ag(CN)
2
], Na[Al(OH)
4
]
Ȼԧɥɿɧɛɟɝɟɧ ɠԝɩ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɵ (ɞɨɧɨɪɥɚɪ) ɛɚɪ ɦɚԙɵɡɞɵ
ɥɢɝɚɧ
-
ɞɬɚɪΕɚ
ɠɚɬɚɬɵɧɞɚɪ:
ɚ) ɞɢɩɨɥɶɞɿɤ ɫɢɩɚɬɵ ɛɚɪ ɛɟɣɬɚɪɚɩ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪ:
H
2
O, NH
3
, CO
;
ɛ
)
ɢɨɧɞɚɪ
:
CNǦ , NO
2
Ǧ , ClǦ , BrǦ , IǦ , OHǦ , CO
3
2
Ǧ, S
2
O
3
2
Ǧ
.
ɄɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹɥɵΙ ɫɚɧ
(ɤ.ɫ.) ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿɥɟɪ ɦɟɧ ɥɢɝɚɧɞ
-
ɬɚɪɞɵԙ ԧɥɲɟɦɿɧɟ, ɡɚɪɹɞɵɧɚ ɠԥɧɟ ɬɚɛɢԑɚɬɵɧɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ;
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿԙ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɣɞɵ ɠԥɧɟ
1-
ɞɟɧ 12
-
ɝɟ ɞɟɣɿɧɝɿ ɚɪɚɥɵԕɬɚԑɵ ɦԥɧɞɟɪɿ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. ɇɟɝɿɡɿɧɞɟ,
ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹɥɵԕ ɫɚɧ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿ ɡɚɪɹɞɵɧɵԙ ɟɤɿ ɟɫɟɥɟɧɝɟɧ
ɦԥɧɿɧɟ ɬɟԙ: ɤ.ɫ. (Ɇɟ
+
) ɤ.ɫ. = 2 (ɫɵɡɵԕɬɵԕ); (Ɇɟ
2+
) ɤ.ɫ. = 4
(ɬɟɬɪɚɷɞɪ, ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬ); (Ɇɟ
3+
, Ɇɟ
4+
)
ɤ.ɫ. = 6 (ɨɤɬɚɷɞɪ).
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ
:
K
Ag
+
Cl
2
]
– ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɫɵɡɵԕɬɵԕ, Na
2
Zn
2+
(OH)
4
]
–
ɬɟɬɪɚɷɞɪ, K
3
[
Fe
3+
(CN)
6
], K
2
Pt
4+
Cl
6
]
– ɨɤɬɚɷɞɪ ɬԥɪɿɡɞɿ.
ɋɵɪɬΙɵ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ
ɛɨɥɚ ɚɥɚɬɵɧɞɚɪ:
ɚ)
s
– ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ
(Na
+
, K
+
, ɇ
+
);
ɛ) ɤԛɲɬɿ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԙ ԕɵɲԕɵɥ ԕɚɥɞɵԕɬɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ
(SO
4
2
Ǧ
, Cl
Ǧ
);
ɜ) ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ (Ɉɇ
Ǧ
).
5.2 ɼ˓ː˔ˏʺˊ˖˘˲ ˌ˓˖˩ˏ˩˖˘ʲ˕ʹ˩˒
ˑ˓ːʺˑˊˏʲ˘˙˕ʲ˖˩ ːʺˑ ʾ˲ˊ˘ʺˏ˙˲
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ΙɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵΝ ɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɚɫɵ
ɂɘɉȺɄ (ɬɟɨɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɠԥɧɟ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɛɚɥɵ ɯɢɦɢɹɧɵԙ ɯɚɥɵԕ
-
ɚɪɚɥɵԕ ɨɞɚԑɵ) ɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɚɫɵɧɚ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫ
-
ɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɚɬɚɥɭ ɪɟɬɬɿɥɿɝɿ ɦɵɧɚɞɚɣ:
– ɚɬɚɭ ɫɟɩɬɿɝɿɧɞɟ ɚɧɢɨɧ, ɚɥ ɫɨɞɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ ɿɥɿɤ ɫɟɩɬɿɝɿɧɞɟ –
ɤɚɬɢɨɧ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɣɞɵ (ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɚɣɫɵɫɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɟɤɟɧɞɿɝɿɧɟ
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɟɦɟɫ);
– ɟɝɟɪ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɤɚɬɢɨɧ ԕԝɪɚɦɵɧɚ ɤɿɪɫɟ,
ɨɧɞɚ ɨԑɚɧ ɨɪɵɫɲɚ ɚɬɚɭ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɵɥɚɞɵ, ɚɥ ɠɚԕɲɚɞɚ ɪɢɦ ɫɚɧɞɚɪɵ
-
ɦɟɧ ɨɧɵԙ ɬɨɬɵԑɭ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ;
– ɟɝɟɪ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɚɧɢɨɧ ԕԝɪɚɦɵɧɚ ɤɿɪɫɟ,
ɨɧɞɚ ɨɫɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɥɚɬɵɧɲɚ ɚɬɚɭɵɧ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɵɩ, ɚɥ ɫɨԙɵɧɚɧ
«ɚɬ» ɠԝɪɧɚԑɵ ɠɚɥԑɚɧɵɩ ɪɢɦ ɫɚɧɵɦɟɧ ɬɨɬɵԑɭ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿɧ
ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ;
7
–
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