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Ȼɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɪɟɬɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ (ɦɵɫɚɥɵ ɋɇ
4
, ɋɈ
2
) ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚ
ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹɥɵԕ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɠɨԑɚɪɵ ɪɟɬɬɿ
ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ, ɫɨɧɞɚɣ
-
ɚԕ ɞɨɧɨɪɥɵ
-
ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɥɵԕ ԧɡɚɪɚ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɥɟɪɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵԙ
ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿɧɟ ԥɤɟɥɟɞɿ.
ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ,
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ Ιɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ
–
ɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɿ ɛɚɣɥɚ
-
ɧɵɫɩɟɧ ɚɥɦɚɫɵɦɞɵΙ ɠΩɧɟ ɞɨɧɨɪɥɵ
-
ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɥɵΙ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɞɟɪ
ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɬΟɡɿɥɝɟɧ Ιɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ.
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵԙ ԕԝɪɵɥɵɫɵ ɦɟɧ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɿ ɲɜɟɣ
-
ɰɚɪɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɝɿ Ⱥ. ȼɟɪɧɟɪ (1893 ɠ.) ɠɚɫɚԑɚɧ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹɥɵԕ
ɬɟɨɪɢɹɦɟɧ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɿɥɟɞɿ. ɑɭɝɚɟɜ, ɑɟɪɧɹɟɜ, Ƚɪɢɧɛɟɪɝɬɿԙ ɟԙɛɟɤɬɟɪɿ
ԛɥɤɟɧ ԛɥɟɫ ԕɨɫɬɵ. Ɉɫɵ ɬɟɨɪɢɹԑɚ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ
ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵ
ɿɲɤɿ
(ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹɥɵΙ)
ɠԥɧɟ
ɫɵɪɬΙɵ ɫɮɟɪɚΕɚ
ɛԧɥɟɞɿ.
ȱɲɤɿ ɫɮɟɪɚɧɵԙ ɛԧɥɲɟɤɬɟɪɿ ɛɿɪ
-
ɛɿɪɿɦɟɧ ɛɟɪɿɤ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫԕɚɧ
ɠԥɧɟ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬ ɠɚԕɲɚ ɿɲɿɧɟ ɚɥɵɧɚɬɵɧ ԧɡɿɧɞɿɤ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɢɨɧ
ɬԛɡɟɞɿ. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɢɨɧɧɵԙ ԕԝɪɚɦɵɧɚ
ɥɢɝɚɧɞɬɚɪ
(ɚɞɞɟɧɞɬɚɪ)
ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɵԙ
ɿɲɤɿ ɫɮɟɪɚɫɵɧ
ɛɿɪɝɟ
ɬԛɡɟɬɿɧ, ɢɨɧɞɚɪɦɟɧ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɛɟɣɬɚɪɚɩ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɦɟɧ ɛɚɣɥɚ
-
ɧɵɫԕɚɧ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬΟɡɭɲɿ
ɤɿɪɟɞɿ.
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿ
ɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɿɥɿɤɩɟɧ
(ɡɚɪɹɞɬɵɥɵԕɩɟɧ) ɠԥɧɟ
ɥɢɝɚɧɞɬɚɪ ɫɚɧɵɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɬɿɧ
ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹɥɵΙ ɫɚɧɦɟɧ
ɫɢɩɚɬ
-
ɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɵԙ ɿɲɤɿ ɫɮɟɪɚɫɵɧɚɧ ɬɵɫ ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫԕɚɧ
ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ
ɫɵɪɬΙɵ ɫɮɟɪɚɧɵ
ԕԝɪɚɣɞɵ.
Na
2
Zn(OH)
4
] ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɵɧɵԙ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹɥɵԕ
ԕԝɪɵɥɵɫɵ:
ɋɵɪɬԕɵ ɫɮɟɪɚ
ȱɲɤɿ ɫɮɟɪɚ
Na
2
Zn(OH)
4
]
Ʉɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹɥɵԕ ɫɚɧ
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿ (ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪ)
Ʌɢɝɚɧɞɬɚɪ (ɞɨɧɨɪ)
Ɍɢɩɬɿɤ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬΟɡɭɲɿɥɟɪɝɟ
(ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿԙ ɹɞɪɨɫɵ)
d
–
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɛɨɫ ɚɬɨɦɞɵԕ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɿ (ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɥɚɪɵ) ɛɚɪ,
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɬɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɤɟɣɛɿɪ
ɪ
– ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ
ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ ɠɚɬɚɞɵ.