Упрощенная HTML-версия
83
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ
: Ⱥɦɦɢɚɤ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɫɵɧɞɚ ɚɡɨɬɬɵԙ ɛԧɥɿɧɛɟɝɟɧ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ ɠԝɛɵ ɛɚɪ, ɚɥ ɫɭɬɟɝɿ ɢɨɧɵ ɛɨɫ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶԑɚ ɢɟ ( 4.2
-
ɫɭɪɟɬ). NH
3
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɫɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɇ
+
ɢɨɧɵ ɠɟɬɤɿɥɿɤɬɿ ɠɚԕɵɧɞɚɫԕɚɧɞɚ
ɚɡɨɬɬɵԙ ɟɤɿ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ ɛԝɥɬɵ ɫɭɬɟɝɿ ɢɨɧɵɧɵԙ ɬɚɪɬɵɥɵɫ
ɫɮɟɪɚɫɵɧɚ ɬԛɫɿɩ, ɚɡɨɬ ɚɬɨɦɵ ԛɲɿɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɭɬɟɝɿ ɚɬɨɦɵ ԛɲɿɧ ɞɟ
ɠɚɥɩɵ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɬɚԑɵ ɛɿɪ N
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H ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɵɧ ɬԛɡɟɞɿ.
ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɚɦɨɧɢɣ ɢɨɧɵɧɞɚ NH
4
+
ɚɡɨɬ ɬԧɪɬɤɟ ɬɟԙ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɿɥɿɤɬɿ
ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ, ɫɟɛɟɛɿ ɨɥ ɫɭɬɟɝɿɦɟɧ ɚɥɦɚɫɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɠԥɧɟ
ɞɨɧɨɪɥɵ
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ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɥɵ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ԛɲ ɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɿɤ
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɬԛɡɟɞɿ:
4.2-
ɫɭɪɟɬ – Ⱦɨɧɨɪɥɵ
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ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɥɵ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ
ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
NH
4
+
ɢɨɧɵɧɵԙ ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿ
4.3 ɧ˘˓ːʹ˩ˌ ˓˕ʴˆ˘ʲˏ˪ʹʲ˕ʹ˩˒ ʶˆʴ˕ˆʹ˘ʺˏ˙˲
Ԥɪɛɿɪ ɚɬɨɦɞɵԕ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶ (ȺɈ) ԧɡɿɧɿԙ ɩɿɲɿɧɿɦɟɧ, ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵ
ɠԥɧɟ ԧɥɲɟɦɿɦɟɧ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɥɚɞɵ. Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪ ɦɟɧ ɤԛɪɞɟɥɿ
ɢɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ԕɚɩɬɚɫɭ
–
ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɛɚɣɥɚ
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ɧɵɫԕɚɧ ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɚɬɨɦɞɵԕ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶ ɠɚɛɵɥɭ ɚɭɦɚԑɵɧɵԙ ɤԧɛɿɧ
ԕɚɦɬɚɦɚɫɵɡ ɟɬɟɬɿɧ ɠɚԑɵɧɚ ԕɚɪɚɣ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥɚɞɵ. Ʉɟɣɞɟ ɚɬɨɦɞɵԕ
ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶ ɤԧɩ ɚɭɦɚԑɵɧɵԙ ɠɚɛɵɥɭɵ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɬɟɥɭɿ
ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ ɠԛɡɟɝɟ ɚɫɚɞɵ.
Ⱥɬɨɦɞɵԕ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɬɟɥɭɿɧɿԙ ɦԥɧɿ
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ɤɟɣɛɿɪ ɦɨɥɟ
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ɤɭɥɚɥɚɪ ɦɟɧ ɤԛɪɞɟɥɿ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ
ɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɿ ɚɬɨɦɞɵԕ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶ ɩɿɲɿɧɿ ɦɟɧ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿɧɟ
ɠԥɧɟ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɧɟɝɿɡɿɧɞɟ ɩɿɲɿɧɿ ɦɟɧ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɚɧɵ ɛɿɪɞɟɣ
ɝɢɛɪɢɞɬɟɥɝɟɧ ɚɬɨɦɞɵԕ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶ ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿɧɟ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ.
ȺɬɨɦɞɵΙ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶɞɚɪɞɵΝ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɬɟɥɭɿ
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ɚɬɨɦɧɵΝ ɩɿɲɿɧ
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ɞɟɪɿ ɦɟɧ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɥɚɪɵɧɵΝ Ϋɡɝɟɪɭɿ ɚɪΙɵɥɵ Ωɪ ɬΟɪɥɿ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶ
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ɞɚɪɞɵΝ (ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɵΙ ɛΡɥɬɬɚɪɵɧɵΝ) Ϋɡɚɪɚ ɚɪɚɥɚɫɵɩ, ɩɿɲɿɧɞɟɪɿ
ɠΩɧɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɥɚɪɵ ɛɿɪɞɟɣ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶɞɚɪΕɚ ɚɣɧɚɥɭɵ.