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Ԕԝɪɚɦɵɧɞɚ ɫɭɬɟɝɿ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ ɠɨԕ Ʌɶɸɢɫɬɿԙ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪɵ
ɚɩɪɨɬɨɧɞɚɪ
ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ. ɉɪɨɬɨɧɞɵԕ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪ
ɤɥɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɤɟɡɞɟɣɫɨԕ ɨԕɢԑɚɫɵ ɬԛɪɿɧɞɟ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥɚɞɵ. Ʌɶɸɢɫ
ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪɝɟ ɚɧɢɨɧɞɚɪ, ɚɦɦɢɚɤ, ɚɦɢɧɞɟɪ, ɫɭ, ɫɩɢɪɬɬɟɪ,
ɝɚɥɨɝɟɧɞɟɪ ɠɚɬɚɞɵ.
Ʌɶɸɢɫɬɿԙ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚɫɵ ɚɥɞɵԙԑɵ ԝɫɵɧɵɥԑɚɧ ɬɟɨɪɢɹɥɚɪɦɟɧ
ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥԑɚɧ ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ
-
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ԛɞɟɪɿɫɬɟɪɞɿ ԕɚɦ
-
ɬɢɞɵ. 3.2
-
ɤɟɫɬɟɞɟ ɠɨԑɚɪɵɞɚ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥԑɚɧ ɬɟɨɪɢɹɥɚɪ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪ ɦɟɧ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪɝɟ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚ ɤɟɥɬɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ.
3.2-
ɤɟɫɬɟ – Ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪ ɦɟɧ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪɞɿԙ
ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚɫɵɧ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɭ
Ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ
Ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪ ɦɟɧ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪɞɿԙ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚɫɵ
Ⱥɪɪɟɧɢɭɫ
ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
Ȼɪɟɧɫɬɟɞ
ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
Ʌɶɸɢɫ
ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪ
ɇ
+
ɢɨɧɵɧ
ɛԧɥɿɩ ɲɵԑɚɪɚɞɵ
ɇ
+
ɢɨɧɵɧ
ɛԧɥɿɩ ɲɵԑɚɪɚɞɵ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ
ɠԝɩɬɚɪɵɧ
ԕɨɫɵɩ ɚɥɚɞɵ
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪ
Ɉɇ
Ǧ
ɢɨɧɵɧ
ɛԧɥɿɩ ɲɵԑɚɪɚɞɵ
ɇ
+
ɢɨɧɵɧ ԕɨɫɵɩ
ɚɥɚɞɵ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ
ɠԝɩɬɚɪɵɧ ɛɟɪɟɞɿ
Ʌɶɸɢɫɬɿԙ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ ɠԥɧɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɵ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ
-
ɫɵɧɵԙ ɦɚԙɵɡɞɵ ɛԧɥɿɦɿ
ΘɀΘɇ – Ιɚɬɬɵ ɠΩɧɟ ɠΡɦɫɚΙ
ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɚɪ ɠΩɧɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪ (Ɋ.ɉɢɪɫɨɧ) ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹɫɵ ɛɨɥɵɩ
ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ.
Θɚɬɬɵ ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɚɪ ɠΩɧɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪ
– ɛԝɥ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɵ ɚɡ ɠԥɧɟ
ԕɢɵɧ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɚɬɵɧ ɛԧɥɲɟɤɬɟɪ ( Na
+
, Mg
2+
– ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪ,
FǦ, SO
2
Ǧ
4
– ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪ).
ɀΡɦɫɚΙ ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɚɪ ɠΩɧɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪ
– ɛԝɥ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɵ ԛɥɤɟɧ,
ɠɟԙɿɥ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɚɬɵɧ ɛԧɥɲɟɤɬɟɪ (Ag
+
, Cu
2+
– ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪ,
IǦ, CNǦ – ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪ).
ԔɀԔɇ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɦԥɧɿ:
Ιɚɬɬɵ ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɚɪ Ιɚɬɬɵ
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪɦɟɧ, ɚɥ ɠΡɦɫɚΙ ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɚɪ – ɠΡɦɫɚΙ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪɦɟɧ
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɬΟɡɟɞɿ.
Ȼɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ ɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɿɤ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɬԛɡɿɥɟɞɿ, ɚɥ ɟɤɿɧɲɿ
ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ – ɢɨɧɞɵԕ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚԑɵ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɬԛɡɿɥɟɞɿ. Ȼԝɥ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵɥɵԑɵɧ, ɟɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɝɿɧ,