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q (C
4+
) < q (S
6+
)
r (C
4+
) ɠԥɧɟ r (S
6+
) ɲɚɦɚɥɚɪɵɧ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɦɚɣɞɵ,
ɫɟɛɟɛɿ ɬɨɩɬɚɪɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɡɚɪɹɞɬɚɪɵ ԥɪɬԛɪɥɿ.
ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, Į (ɇ
2
CO
3
) <
Į (ɇ
2
SO
4
), ɫԥɣɤɟɫɿɧɲɟ,
ɌȻ (CaSO
4
) > ɌȻ (CaCO
3
), ɹԑɧɢ
Ɍ
ɵɞɵɪ.
( CaSO
4
) >
Ɍ
ɵɞɵɪ
.
( CaCO
3
)
2CaSO
4
o
2CaO + 2SO
2
n
+ O
2
n
(
Ɍ
ɵɞɵɪ
.
= 1450
0
ɋ
);
CaCO
3
o
CaO + CO
2
n
(Ɍ
ɵɞɵɪ.
= 900
0
ɋ).
5-
ɦɵɫɚɥ:
ɌȻ (PbCO
3
) ɠԥɧɟ ɌȻ (BaCO
3
) ɬԝɡɞɚɪɵɧ ɫɚɥɵɫ
-
ɬɵɪɵԙɵɡ.
Ȼԝɥ ɬԝɡɞɚɪ ɛɿɪɞɟɣ ɚɧɢɨɧɞɚɪɞɚɧ, ɛɿɪɚԕ ԥɪɬԛɪɥɿ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɞɚɪɞɚɧ
ɬԛɡɿɥɝɟɧ, ɫɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɚɥɞɵɦɟɧ Pb(Oɇ)
2
ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ȼɚ(Ɉɇ)
2
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪɿɧɿԙ ԕɚɣɫɵɫɵ ɤԛɲɬɿ ɟɤɟɧɿɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɣɦɵɡ:
ɉԤ (Pb
2+
–
Ɉ
2
Ǧ) > ɉԤ (Ba
2+
–
Ɉ
2
Ǧ), ԧɣɬɤɟɧɿ
q (Pb
2+
) = q (Ba
2+
)
r (Pb
2+
) ɠԥɧɟ r (Ba
2+
) ɲɚɦɚɥɚɪɵɧ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɦɚɣɞɵ,
ɫɟɛɟɛɿ ɨɥɚɪ ԥɪɬԛɪɥɿ ɬɨɩɲɚɥɚɪɞɚ ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫԕɚɧ.
def
Ɲ
(Pb
2+
) > def
Ɲ
(Ba
2+
), ɫɟɛɟɛɿ Pb
2+
[6s
2
p
0
]
– «ɠԝɦɫɚԕ» ɢɨɧ, aɥ
Ba
2+
[5s
2
p
6
]
– «ԕɚɬɬɵ» ɢɨɧ.
ɋɨԙɞɵԕɬɚɧ, Į (Pb (Oɇ)
2
) <
Į (Ba(Oɇ)
2
), ɫԥɣɤɟɫɿɧɲɟ
ɌȻ (PbCO
3
) < ɌȻ (BaCO
3
), ɹԑɧɢ
Ɍ
ɵɞɵɪ.
( PbCO
3
) < Ɍ
ɵɞɵɪ.
( BaCO
3
)
PbCO
3
o
PbO + CO
2
n
(Ɍ
ɵɞɵɪ.
= 315
0
ɋ);
BaCO
3
o
BaO + CO
2
n
(Ɍ
ɵɞɵɪ.
=1000
0
ɋ).
3.5 ɾ˩˦ˌ˩ˏʹʲ˕ ːʺˑ ˑʺʶ˲˄ʹʺ˕ ˘˙˕ʲˏ˩ ˘ʺ˓˕ˆˮˏʲ˕
Ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪ ɠԥɧɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ԕɚɡɿɪɝɿ ɬԛɫɿɧɿɤɬɟɪ
Ⱥɪɪɟɧɢɭɫ, Ȼɪɟɧɫɬɟɞ ɠԥɧɟ Ʌɶɸɢɫ ɬɟɨɪɢɹɥɚɪɵɧɵԙ ԕɚԑɢɞɚɥɚɪɵɧɚ
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɥɟɞɿ.
I -
Ⱥɪɪɟɧɢɭɫ ɬɟɨɪɢɹɫɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
(ɫɭɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟɝɿ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɫɢɩɚɬɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ):
x
ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɚɪ
ɞɟɝɟɧɿɦɿɡ ɫɭɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚ
-
ɰɢɹɥɚɧԑɚɧɞɚ ɫɭɬɟɤ (ɇ
+
)
ɩɟɧ ԕɵɲԕɵɥ ԕɚɥɞɵԑɵ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧ ɬԛɡɟɬɿɧ
ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ
:
ɇ
2
SɈ
4
o
2H
+
+ SO
4
2
Ǧ