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ΘɵɲΙɵɥɞɚɪ ɠΩɧɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪ ɬɟɨɪɢɹɫɵ ɬΡɪΕɵɫɵɧɚɧ
ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɚɪɞɵΝ ɠΩɧɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪɞɿΝ ɤΟɲɿ
Ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿԙ ɤԛɲɿ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɥɚɪɵɦɟɧ
ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɥɚɞɵ: ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɧɵԙ ɦԥɧɿ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɛɨɥԑɚɧ ɫɚɣɵɧ, ԕɵɲԕɵɥ
ɤԛɲɬɿ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ (ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɧɟɝɿɡ). Ⱥɪɪɟɧɢɭɫ ɬɟɨɪɢɹɫɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɛԝɥ
ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ, Ȼɪɟɧɫɬɟɞ ɬɟɨɪɢɹɫɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɛԝɥ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵɥɵԕ ɠԥɧɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɥɿɤ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɦԥɧɿ
ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚɥɵԕ ɤɟɫɬɟɥɟɪɞɟ ɤɟɥɬɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ.
3.4 ɩʺˇ˓˕ʶʲˑˆˊʲˏ˩ˌ ˌ˓˖˩ˏ˩˖˘ʲ˕ʹ˩˒
˘ʺ˕ːˆˮˏ˩ˌ ʴʺ˕˲ˊ˘˲ʶ˲
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɵԙ ɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿɧɿԙ (ɌȻ)
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɿ ɟԙ ɤɟɦɿɧɞɟ ɛɿɪ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵԙ ɵɞɵɪɚɭɵɧɚ
ԥɤɟɥɟɞɿ.
Ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪ ɠԥɧɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪɞɿԙ ɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿɧ ԕɚɪɚɫ
-
ɬɵɪɚɦɵɡ:
ɈɤɫɨΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɚɪɞɵΝ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪɞɿΝ ɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɛɟɪɿɤ
-
ɬɿɝɿ
ɨɤɫɨԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪɞɿԙ ɤԛɲɿɧɟ ɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɩɨɪ
-
ɰɢɨɧɚɥɞɵ.
Ɉɬɬɟɤɫɿɡ ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɚɪɞɵΝ ɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿ
ɨɧɵΝ
ɤΟɲɿɧɟ ɤɟɪɿ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥ
.
1-
ɦɵɫɚɥ:
(Ba(Oɇ)
2
) ɠԥɧɟ (Mg(Oɇ)
2
) ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵԕ
ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿɧ (ɌȻ) ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɵԙɵɡ:
ɉԤ (Ba
2+
–
O
2
Ǧ) < ɉԤ (Mg
2+
–
O
2
Ǧ), ԧɣɬɤɟɧɿ
q (Ba
2+
) = q (Mg
2+
)
r (Ba
2+
) > r (Mg
2+
)
def
Ɲ
(Ba
2+
)
|
def
Ɲ
(Mg
2+
)
, ɫɟɛɟɛɿ ɟɤɿ ɢɨɧ ɞɚ «ԕɚɬɬɵ»
.
ɋɨԙɞɵԕɬɚɧ, Į (Ba(Oɇ)
2
) >
Į (Mg(Oɇ)
2
), ɫԥɣɤɟɫɿɧɲɟ
ɌȻ (ȼɚ(Oɇ)
2
) > ɌȻ (Mg(Oɇ)
2
), ɹԑɧɢ
Ɍ
ɵɞɵɪ.
(ȼɚ(Oɇ)
2
) >Ɍ
ɵɞɵɪ.
(Mg(Oɇ)
2
).
Ba(O
ɇ)
2
o
BaO
+ ɇ
2
Ɉ (Ɍ
ɵɞɵɪ.
= 780
0
ɋ
);
Mg(O
ɇ)
2
o
Mg
Ɉ + ɇ
2
Ɉ (Ɍ
ɵɞɵɪ.
= 350
0
ɋ
).
2-
ɦɵɫɚɥ:
(ɇ
2
SɈ
4
) ɠԥɧɟ (ɇ
2
SɈ
3
) ɨɤɫɨԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ
ɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿɧ (ɌȻ) ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɵԙɵɡ.