Упрощенная HTML-версия
61
r (Na
1+
) > r (H
1+
),
ɫɟɛɟɛɿ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɵ ɠɨԑɚɪɵɞɚɧ
ɬԧɦɟɧ ԕɚɪɚɣ ɚɪɬɚɞɵ.
def
Ɲ
(Na
1+
) = def
Ɲ
(H
1+
), ɫɟɛɟɛɿ ɟɤɿ ɢɨɧ ɞɚ «ԕɚɬɬɵ».
ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ɉԤ (Na
1+
–
Ɉ
2
Ǧ) < ɉԤ (H
1+
–
Ɉ
2
Ǧ).
Na
1+
–
Ɉ
2
Ǧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɵ ԥɥɫɿɡ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ԛɡɿɥɭɿ ɧԥɬɢɠɟɫɿɧɞɟ
ɈɇǦ
–
ɢɨɧɵ ɛԧɥɿɩ ɲɵԑɚɪɵɥɚɞɵ. ɋԥɣɤɟɫɿɧɲɟ, NaɈɇ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿ
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ɫɢɩɚɬԕɚ ɢɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
2-
ɦɵɫɚɥ:
ɇ
2
SɈ
4
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿɧɿԙ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ
-
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ɫɢɩɚ
-
ɬɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚԙɵɡ.
ɉԤ
(S
6+
–
Ɉ
2
Ǧ
)
ɠԥɧɟ ɉԤ
(H
1+
–
Ɉ
2
Ǧ
)
q (S
6+
) > q (H
1+
)
r (S
6+
) ɠԥɧɟ r (H
1+
) ɬɨɩɬɚɪɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɡɚɪɹɞɵ ԥɪɬԛɪɥɿ
ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɦɚɣɞɵ.
ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ɉԤ (S
6+
–
Ɉ
2
Ǧ) > ɉԤ (H
1+
–
Ɉ
2
Ǧ).
H
1+
–
Ɉ
2
Ǧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɵ ԥɥɫɿɡ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ԛɡɿɥɭɿ ɧԥɬɢɠɟɫɿɧɞɟ
ɇ
+
–
ɢɨɧɵ ɛԧɥɿɩ ɲɵԑɚɪɵɥɚɞɵ. ɋԥɣɤɟɫɿɧɲɟ, ɇ
2
SɈ
4
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ ɫɢɩɚɬԕɚ ɢɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
ɂɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɉԤ ɬԝɪԑɵɫɵɧɚɧ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ
-
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ɫɢɩɚɬɵ ɬɟɤ ɬɢɩɬɿɤ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɦɟɧ ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿ
ԛɲɿɧ ԑɚɧɚ ɞԝɪɵɫ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɚɞɵ. ɂɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɵԕ ɛԝɥɬ
-
ɬɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɡɚɪɹɞɬɚɪɵ ɦɟɧ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ԕɚɣɲɵ
-
ɥɵԕ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɵɧɞɚ, ɫɨԙԑɵɫɵ ɬɚԙɞɚɥɚɞɵ, ԧɣɬɤɟɧɿ ɨɥ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ
ɉԤ
-
ɧɟ ɤԧɛɿɪɟɤ ɵԕɩɚɥ ɟɬɟɞɿ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɫɢɩɚɬɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɛɟɣɨɪ
-
ɝɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɞɟ ɬԛɡɿɥɟɬɿɧ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵԙ
ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿɥɿɝɿ ɦɟɧ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ
-
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ɫɢɩɚɬɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
3.3 ʃʺʶ˲˄ʹʺ˕ ːʺˑ ˌ˩˦ˌ˩ˏʹʲ˕ʹ˩˒ ˊ˛˦˘ʺ˕˲
ΘɵɲΙɵɥ ɠΩɧɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿΝ ɤΟɲɬɟɪɿɧ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɞɵΝ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚ
-
ɰɢɹɥɚɧɭɵ ɠΩɧɟ ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɞɵΝ ΙΡɪɵɥɵɫɵ ɬΡɪΕɵɫɵɧɚɧ Ιɚɪɚɫ
-
ɬɵɪɭ
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
ɫɨɥɞɚɧ ɨԙԑɚ ԕɚɪɚɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɢɨɧɵɧɵԙ
ɪɚɞɢɭɫɵ (r) ɤɿɲɿɪɟɣɿɩ, ɡɚɪɹɞɵɧɵԙ (q) ɚɪɬɭɵɦɟɧ (ɗ
n+
–
Ɉ
2
Ǧ) ɉԤ
ɚɪɬɚɞɵ, ɫɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɨɫɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɩɟɧ ɬԛɡɿɥɟɬɿɧ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɿԙ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɿ ɤԛɲɟɣɟɞɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɿ ԥɥɫɿɪɟɣɞɿ.