Упрощенная HTML-версия
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ɂɡɨɛɚɪɚɥɚɪ
– ɩɪɨɬɨɧ ɫɚɧɵ ԥɪɬԛɪɥɿ, ɛɿɪɚԕ ɦɚɫɫɚɥɵԕ ɫɚɧɵ
ɛɿɪɞɟɣ ԥɪɬԛɪɥɿ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɵ.
ɂɡɨɬɨɩɬɚɪ
– ɛɿɪ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɛɿɪɧɟɲɟ ɬԛɪɿɧɿԙ ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɵ, ɨɥɚɪ
ɛɿɪ
-
ɛɿɪɿɧɟɧ ɹɞɪɨ ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵɦɟɧ ɟɪɟɤɲɟɥɟɧɟɞɿ (ɨɫɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ
ɹɞɪɨ ԕԝɪɚɦɵɧɞɚ ɩɪɨɬɨɧ ɫɚɧɵ ɛɿɪɞɟɣ, ɚɥ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɫɚɧɵ
ԥɪɬԛɪɥɿ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ).
Ʉɜɚɧɬ ɫɚɧɞɚɪɵ
–
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵԙ ɤԛɣɿɧ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɣɬɵɧ ɫɚɧɞɚɪ;
ɛɚɫ, ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶ, ɦɚɝɧɢɬ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɩɢɧ ɤɜɚɧɬ ɫɚɧɞɚɪɵɧɚ ɛԧɥɿɧɟɞɿ.
Ʉɥɟɱɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɟɪɟɠɟɥɟɪɿ
– ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɟɤɿ
ɠɚԑɞɚɣɵɧɵԙ ԕɚɣɫɵɫɵɧɞɚ ɛɚɫ ɠԥɧɟ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶ ɤɜɚɧɬ ɫɚɧɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ
ԕɨɫɵɧɞɵɫɵ (n+l) ԛɥɤɟɧ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɫɨɧɵԙ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵ ɠɨԑɚɪɵ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ
(1-
ɲɿ ɟɪɟɠɟ); ɟɝɟɪ (n+l) ԕɨɫɵɧɞɵɫɵɧɵԙ ɦԥɧɿ ɛɿɪɞɟɣ ɛɿɪɧɟɲɟ
ɞɟԙɝɟɣɲɟɥɟɪ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɚɥɞɵɦɟɧ ɛɚɫ ɤɜɚɧɬ ɫɚɧɵɧɵԙ ɤɿɲɿ
ɦԥɧɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɞɟԙɝɟɣɲɟ ɬɨɥɬɵɪɵɥɚɞɵ (2
-
ɲɿ ɟɪɟɠɟ).
ɇɟɣɬɪɨɧ (n
0
)
– ɬɵɧɵɲɬɵԕ ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵ m
0
= 1,67
10
-27
ɤɝ ɬɟԙ,
ɡɚɪɹɞɬɚɥɦɚԑɚɧ ɚɬɨɦ ɹɞɪɨɫɵɧɵԙ ɛɿɪ ɛԧɥɿɝɿɧ ԕԝɪɚɣɬɵɧ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ
ɛԧɥɲɟɤ.
ɉɚɭɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɿ
– ɚɬɨɦɞɚ ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ɬԧɪɬ ɤɜɚɧɬ ɫɚɧɞɚɪɵ
ɛɿɪɞɟɣ ɟɤɿ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ ɛɨɥɭɵ ɬɢɿɫɬɿ ɟɦɟɫ.
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ
– ɩɟɪɢɨɞɬɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɪɟɬɬɿɤ ɧԧɦɿɪɿɧɿԙ ԧɫɭ ɪɟɬɿ
ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫԕɚɧ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥ ԕɚɬɚɪɵ; ɛԝɥ
ԕɚɬɚɪɥɚɪɞɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿ ɬɢɩɬɿɤ ɦɟɬɚɥ
-
ɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɬɢɩɬɿɤ ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɞɵԕԕɚ ԕɚɪɚɣ ɠԥɧɟ ɨɞɚɧ ԥɪɿ ɚɫɵɥ ɝɚɡɞɚɪԑɚ
ԕɚɪɚɣ ɡɚԙɞɵɥɵԕɩɟɧ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
ɉɟɪɢɨɞɬɵԕ ɡɚԙ
– ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ, ԕɚɪɚɩɚɣɵɦ ɡɚɬɬɚɪ ɦɟɧ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɵɧɵԙ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɬɟɪɿ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ
ɹɞɪɨ ɡɚɪɹɞɵ ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɬɵ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿɥɿɤɬɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
ɉɪɨɬɨɧ (p
+
)
– ɬɵɧɵɲɬɵԕ ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵ m
0
= 1,67
10
-27
ɤɝ ɬɟԙ, ɨԙ
ɡɚɪɹɞɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɚɬɨɦ ɹɞɪɨɫɵɧɵԙ ɛɿɪ ɛԧɥɿɝɿɧ ԕԝɪɚɣɬɵɧ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ
ɛԧɥɲɟɤ.
Ɍɨɥԕɵɧɞɵԕ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ
– x, y, z ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɥɚɪɵ ɛɚɪ
ɤɟԙɿɫɬɿɤɬɟɝɿ ɧԛɤɬɟɞɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɛɨɥɭ ɵԕɬɢɦɚɥɞɵԑɵɧɚ ɨɫɵ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɞɵ ɛɨɥɭɵɧɞɚ.
Ɍɨɩ
– ɩɟɪɢɨɞɬɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɞɟɝɿ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶ ԕɚɬɚɪɵ,
ɨɥ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ (Ⱥ) ɠԥɧɟ ԕɨɫɵɦɲɚ (ȼ) ɬɨɩɲɚɥɚɪԑɚ ɛԧɥɿɧɟɞɿ
.
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɬɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɫɿ (ɏɗɉɀ)
–
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɬɵԕ ɡɚԙɧɵԙ ɫɵɡɛɚɥɵ ɤԧɪɿɧɿɫɿ.