Упрощенная HTML-версия
442
Ʉ = Į
2
ɋ
Ɇ
= (1,32· 10Ǧ
2
)
2
· 0,1 = 1,74 · 10Ǧ
5
2
-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚ.
0,1 Ɇ ɯɥɨɪɥɵɥɚɭ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵ ɇɋlɈ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ-
ɞɟɝɿ ɫɭɬɟɝɿ ɢɨɧɵɧɵԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟԙɿɡ, ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ
ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ Ʉ= 5·10Ǧ
8
.
ɒɟɲɭɿ
: ɇɋlɈ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿɧ ɬɚɛɚɦɵɡ:
Į = ¥ Ʉ
/ ɫ
Ɇ
= ¥ 5·10Ǧ
8
/ 0,1 = 7 · 10Ǧ
4
ɨɫɵɞɚɧ: [ɇ
+
] = Į · ɋ
Ɇ
=
7 · 10Ǧ
4
· 0,1 = 7 · 10Ǧ
5
ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ.
3
-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚ.
Ʉԛɤɿɪɬ ɫɭɬɟɝɿɧɿԙ ɫɚɬɵɥɵ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭ
ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ Ʉ
1
ɠԥɧɟ Ʉ
2
, ɫԥɣɤɟɫɿɧɲɟ, 6 10Ǧ
8
ɠԥɧɟ 1 · 10Ǧ
14
ɬɟԙ.
0,1 Ɇ H
2
S ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɇ
+
, ɇSǦ ɠԥɧɟ S
2
Ǧ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ ɤɨɧɰɟɧ-
ɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟԙɿɡ.
ɒɟɲɭɿ
: Ⱦɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ H
2
S ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɫɵ ɚɥɞɵɦɟɧ ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ
ɫɚɬɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ, ɫɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ɫɚɬɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭɞɚ ɬԛɡɿɥɟɬɿɧ ɇ
+
ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧ
ɟɫɟɩɬɟɦɟɣɞɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɭɬɟɝɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɭɥɶɮɢɞ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ ɲɚɦɚɦɟɧ ɬɟԙ:
[ɇ
+
] § [ɇSǦ] § ¥ Ʉ
1
/ ɫ
Ɇ
=
¥ 6,8 ·10Ǧ
8
· 0,1 = 7,7 · 10Ǧ
5
ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ.
ȿɤɿɧɲɿ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ ԛɲɿɧ [S
2
Ǧ]
ɦԥɧɿɧ
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɞɚɧ ɬɚɛɚɦɵɡ:
> @> @
>
@
HS
SH K
2
2
ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ [ɇ
+
] § [ɇSǦ], ɨɧɞɚ Ʉ
2
§ [S
2
Ǧ], ɹԑɧɢ [S
2
Ǧ] = 1 · 10Ǧ
14
.
4
-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚ.
0,01 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ MgSO
4
ɠԥɧɟ 0,01 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ MgCl
2
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɢɨɧɞɚɧɭ ɛɟɥɫɟɧɞɿɥɿɝɿɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɢɨɧɞɵԕ ɤԛɲɬɿ
ɟɫɟɩɬɟɣɦɿɡ.
ɒɟɲɭɿ
: ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿԙ ɢɨɧɞɵԕ ɤԛɲɿɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɣɬɿɧ ɮɨɪɦɭ-
ɥɚɧɵ ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɚɦɵɡ:
I = ½ cz
2
(1),
ɦԝɧɞɚԑɵ z – ɢɨɧ ɡɚɪɹɞɵ