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ȿɫɟɩɬɿԙ ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧɿɧ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɝɟ ԕɨɹɦɵɡ
(1):
I = ½ (ɫ (Mg
2+
) · 2
2
+ ɫ (SO
4
2
Ǧ) · 2
2
+ ɫ (ClǦ) · 1
2
) =
½ (0,02 · 4 + 0,01 · 4 + 0,02) = 0,07
Mg
2+
ɢɨɧɵɧɵԙ ɛɟɥɫɟɧɞɿɥɿɤ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɨԑɚɧ SO
4
2
Ǧ
ɢɨɧɵɧɵԙ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ ɛɟɥɫɟɧɞɿɥɿɤ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɿɧ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ
ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɬɚɛɚɦɵɡ:
lg f =
– ½ · z
2
· ¥ 1 = – ½ · 2
2
· ¥0,07 = –
0,53;
ɨɫɵɞɚɧ
f = 0,30
Cl
Ǧ ɢɨɧɵɧɵԙ ԝԕɫɚɫ ɛɟɥɫɟɧɞɿɥɿɤ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɿɧ ɬɚɛɚɦɵɡ:
lg f =
– ½ · z
2
· ¥ 1 = – ½ · 1
2
· ¥0,07 = –
0,1
3; ɨɫɵɞɚɧ f = 0,74
ɚ =
f
· c ɟɫɤɟɪɟ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ԥɪ ɢɨɧɧɵԙ ɛɟɥɫɟɧɞɿɥɿɝɿɧ ɬɚɛɚɦɵɡ:
ɚ (
Mg
2+
) = 0,02 · 0,30 = 0,006 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ
ɚ (
SO
4
2
Ǧ) = 0,01 · 0,30 = 0,003 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ
ɚ (
Cl
Ǧ) = 0,02 · 0,74 = 0,0148 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ
5
-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚ
.
Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ 0,3 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɨɪɬɨɮɨɫ
-
ɮɚɬɵɧɵԙ 1 ɥɢɬɪ ɫɭɞɚԑɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɞɟ 0,27 ɦɨɥɶ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɢɨɧɵ
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ɍԝɡɞɵԙ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟԙɿɡ.
ɒɟɲɭɿ
: ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɨɪɬɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɵɧɵԙ ɗȾ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧ ɠɚɡɚɦɵɡ:
Na
3
PO
4
3Na
+
+ PO
4
3
Ǧ
Ɍɟԙɞɟɭɞɟɧ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɢɨɧɵɧɚ ԕɚɪɚԑɚɧɞɚ ɬԝɡɞɵԙ ɦԧɥɲɟɪɿ 3 ɟɫɟ
ɚɡ ɟɤɟɧɿɧ ɤԧɪɭɝɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ⱦɟɦɟɤ, ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧԑɚɧ ɦɨɥɟɤɭ
-
ɥɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɫɚɧɵ ɦɵɧɚԑɚɧ ɬɟԙ:
n = 0,27 : 3 = 0,09
Ȼԝɞɚɧ, ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿɧ ɬɚɛɚɦɵɡ:
%30
3,0
%100 09,0
N
n
Ȼɚԕɵɥɚɭ ɬɟɫɬɟɪɿ
1.
Ɂɚɬɬɵԙ ԕɚɪɚɦɚ
-
ԕɚɪɫɵ ɡɚɪɹɞɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɢɨɧɞɚɪԑɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ
ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭ ɲɚɪɬɵɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿԙɿɡ.
A) ɉɨɥɸɫɬɿ ɟɪɿɬɤɿɲ ɩɟɧ ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ɡɚɬ ɛɨɥɭɵ
Ȼ) ɉɨɥɸɫɫɿɡ ɟɪɿɬɤɿɲ ɩɟɧ ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ɡɚɬ ɛɨɥɭɵ