Упрощенная HTML-версия
393
4-
ɲɿ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɬɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ
,
ɫɟɛɟɛɿ ɛɚɪɥɵԕ
Cr
ɚɬɨɦɵɧɵԙ 24
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɵ 4
-
ɲɿ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɞɟԙɝɟɣɞɟ ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫԕɚɧ;
ԕɨɫɵɦɲɚ (ȼ) ɬɨɩɲɚɞɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ
,
ɫɟɛɟɛɿ 24 ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ
3d
–
ɞɟԙɝɟɣɲɟɧɿ ɬɨɥɬɵɪɚɞɵ;
6
ɬɨɩɬɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ
,
ɫɟɛɟɛɿ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɿɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɞɵ ɫɚɧɵ
6 -
ԑɚ ɬɟԙ
(4s
1
3d
5
).
ɏɪɨɦ (
Cr)
ɚɬɨɦɵɧɵԙ 24 ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ ɤԛɣɿɧ ɤɜɚɧɬɬɵԕ ɫɚɧɧɵԙ
ɤԧɦɟɝɿɦɟɧ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɣɦɵɡ.
Ȼɚɫ ɤɜɚɧɬɬɵԕ ɫɚɧ (n), 3
-
ɤɟ ɬɟԙ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵԙ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧ
ɚɧɵԕɬɚɣɞɵ, ɫɟɛɟɛɿ 24 ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ
3d
– ɞɟԙɝɟɣɲɟɞɟ ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫԕɚɧ;
Ɉɪɛɢɬɚɥɶɞɵԕ ɤɜɚɧɬɬɵԕ ɫɚɧ (l), ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɵ 2
-
ɝɟ ɬɟԙ
ɚɬɨɦɞɵԕ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɿɧɿԙ ɮɨɪɦɚɫɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɣɞɵ, ɫɟɛɟɛɿ 24 ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ d
ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɚ ɢɟ;
Ɇɚɝɧɢɬɬɿɤ ɤɜɚɧɬɬɵԕ ɫɚɧ
(m
Ɛ
)
, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɵ +2
-
ɝɟ ɬɟԙ
ɚɬɨɦɞɵԕ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶɞɵԙ ɤɟԙɿɫɬɿɤɬɿɤ ɛɚԑɵɬɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɣɞɵ, ɫɟɛɟɛɿ 24
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ (3d
5
) ɲɚɪɬɬɵ «ɛɟɫɿɧɲɿ» ɛɚԑɵɬɵɧ ɬɨɥɬɵɪɚɞɵ;
-2 -1 0 +1 +2
ɋɩɢɧɞɿ ɤɜɚɧɬɬɵԕ ɫɚɧ
(m
s
),
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵԙ ԧɡ ɨɫɿɧɞɟ
ɚɣɧɚɥɵɦɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɣɞɵ, ɨɥ ɲɚɪɬɬɵ ɬԛɪɞɟ
+
½ ɬɟԙ
,
ɫɟɛɟɛɿ 24
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ ɫɚԑɚɬ ɬɿɥɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɚɣɧɚɥɚɞɵ.
ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɯɪɨɦ ɚɬɨɦɵɧɵԙ 24 ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɵ ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɤɜɚɧɬɬɵԕ
ɫɚɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɠɢɵɧɬɵԑɵɦɟɧ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɥɚɞɵ:
n = 3; l = 2; m
Ɛ
= +2; m
s
= + ½.
4
-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚ.
Ⱥɬɨɦɞɚ 4ɪ ɞɟԙɝɟɣɲɟɫɿ ɬɨɥɬɵɪɵɥԑɚɧɧɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ
ɬɨɥɬɵɪɵɥɚɬɵɧ ɞɟԙɝɟɣɲɟɧɿ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿԙɿɡ.
ɒɟɲɭɿ:
Ʉɥɟɱɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɟɪɟɠɟɫɿɧɟ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ 4ɪ ɞɟԙɝɟɣɲɟɫɿ (n + l)
ɠɚɥɩɵ ԕɨɫɵɧɞɵɫɵɧɚ, 4 + 1 = 5 (ɫɟɛɟɛɿ n = 4; l = 1) ɬɟԙ. Ɉɫɵ
ɠɚɥɩɵ ԕɨɫɵɧɞɵɦɟɧ 3d ɠԥɧɟ 5s ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɥɚɞɵ: 3 + 2 = 5 (ɹԑɧɢ, d
= 3; l = 2) ɠԥɧɟ 5 + 0 = 5 (ɹԑɧɢ n = 5; l = 0). 4ɪ ɤԛɣɿɧɟ ԕɚɪɚԑɚɧɞɚ,
3d ɤԛɣɿɧɟ ɛɚɫ ɤɜɚɧɬɬɵԕ ɫɚɧɧɵԙ ɚɡ ɦԥɧɿ n (n = 3) ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɤɟɥɟɞɿ,
ɫɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ 4ɪ ɞɟԙɝɟɣɲɟɫɿ ɬɨɥɬɵɪɵɥԑɚɧɧɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɦԥɧɝɟ n
(n = 5) ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɤɟɥɟɬɿɧ 5s ɞɟԙɝɟɣɲɟɫɿ ɬɨɥɬɵɪɵɥɚɞɵ.
5
-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚ
.
ɇɚɬɪɢɣ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɯɥɨɪ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ ԕɚɣɫɵɫɵ
ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ ɬԛɪɿɧɟ, ԕɚɣɫɵɫɵ ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ ɬԛɪɿɧɟ ɠɚɬɚɬɵɧɵɧ
ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿԙɿɡ. ɀɚɭɚɩɬɚɪɵԙɵɡɞɵ ɨɫɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ