Упрощенная HTML-версия
390
ȱɫɬɟɣ ɛɿɥɭɿ ɬɢɿɫ
:
1)
Ⱥɬɨɦԑɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɚɭɵɫɭ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭɞɿ
ɠԥɧɟ ɫɵɡɵԕɬɵԕ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɭɵɧ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɭɞɿ.
2)
Ⱥɬɨɦɞɚԑɵ ɤɜɚɧɬɬɵԕ ɫɚɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɠɢɵɧɬɵԑɵɧɞɚ: ɛɚɫ,
ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶɞɵ, ɦɚɝɧɢɬɬɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɩɢɧɞɿ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵԙ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ
ɤԛɣɿɧ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɭɞɵ.
3)
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵԙ ɬɨɥԕɵɧɞɵԕ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɮɢɡɢɤɚɥɵԕ
ɦԥɧɿɧ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɭɞɿ; ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶɞɚɪ ɮɨɪɦɚɫɵɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɵ
ɬɵԑɵɡɞɵԑɵɧ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɬɚɪɚɥɭɵɧ ɛɟɣɧɟɥɟɭɞɿ.
4)
ɉɟɪɢɨɞɬɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɞɟɝɿ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɠɭɵԕɬɚɥԑɚɧ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚɫɵɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɵԕ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭ
-
ɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧ ɠɚɡɭɞɵ.
5)
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɠԥɧɟ ɬɨɩ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɷɥɟɤɬɪ
-
ɬɟɪɿɫɬɿɥɿɝɿɧɿԙ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧԑɚ ɵɧɬɵԕɬɵɥɵԑɵɧ, ɢɨɧɞɚɧɭ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧ,
ɚɬɨɦ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɬɚɪɵɧɵԙ ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿɧ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɭɞɿ.
Ԧɡɿɧ
-
ԧɡɿ ɬɟɤɫɟɪɭɞɿԙ ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪɵ
1
-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚ
.
Ɍɨɥԕɵɧ ԝɡɵɧɞɵԑɵ
( )
500 ɧɦ ɞɠɨɭɥɞɟɝɿ,
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ
-
ɜɨɥɶɬɬɟɝɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɞɠɨɭɥɶ/ɦɨɥɶɞɟɝɿ ɤɜɚɧɬɬɵԕ ɫԥɭɥɟ
-
ɥɟɧɭɞɿԙ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧ (ȿ) ɟɫɟɩɬɟԙɿɡ.
ɒɟɲɭɿ:
ɤɜɚɧɬɬɵԕ ɫԥɭɥɟɥɟɧɭ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧ (ȿ) ɫԥɭɥɟɥɟɧɭ
ɠɢɿɥɿɝɿɦɟɧ ( ) ɠԥɧɟ ɬɨɥԕɵɧ ԝɡɵɧɞɵԑɵɦɟɧ
(
) ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵɪɚɬɵɧ
ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɞɿ ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɚɦɵɡ:
E = h (1),
ɦԝɧɞɚԑɵ
h
– ɉɥɚɧɤ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵɫɵ;
= ɫ /
(2),
ɦԝɧɞɚԑɵ ɫ – ɠɚɪɵԕ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ.
13-
ԕɨɫɵɦɲɚԑɚ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ
: h = 6,63 10
Ǧ
34
Ⱦɠ ɫ; ɫ = 3,0
10
10
ɫɦ/ɫ.
(1) ɠԥɧɟ (2) ɬɟԙɞɟɭɝɟ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚɥɵԕɬɚԑɵ ɦԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ɠԥɧɟ
ɟɫɟɩɬɿԙ ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧɿɧ ԕɨɹɦɵɡ:
= 3,0 1010 / 500 = 3,0 1010 / 5,0
10Ǧ5 = 0,60 1015 ɫ Ǧ1
ȿ = 6,63 10Ǧ34
0,60 1015 = 4,0
10Ǧ19 Ⱦɠ = 4,0
10
Ǧ
22
ɤȾɠ.
ɋɟɛɟɛɿ 1 ɷȼ = 1,6
10
Ǧ
19
Ⱦɠ, ɬɨ ȿ =
4,0 10
Ǧ
19
/ 1,6 10
Ǧ
19
= 2,5 ɷȼ.