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ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɫɵɧ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɫɵɦɵɧ, ɚɥ ɬԧɪɬɿɧɲɿɝɟ – ɤԛɤɿɪɬ (S) ԝɧɬɚԑɵɧ
ɫɚɥɵԙɵɡ. Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɠɵɥɞɚɦ ɠԛɪɭ ԛɲɿɧ ɫɭ ɦɨɧɲɚɫɵɧɞɚ ɫɵɧɚ
-
ɭɵԕɬɚɪɞɵ ԕɵɡɞɵɪɵԙɵɡ. Ɍɟɤ ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚ ԑɚɧɚ ɝɚɡɞɵԙ
ɬԛɡɿɥɟɬɿɧɿɧ ɤԧɪɿԙɿɡ.
4-
ɬΩɠɿɪɢɛɟ.
Ɍɨɬɵԕɬɵɪԑɵɲ
-
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪԑɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ ɦɟɧ
ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵ (
ɬɚɪɬɩɚɧɵΝ ɚɫɬɵɧɞɚ!
)
Ɍɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪ
(ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿ ɧԝɫԕɚɭ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɭԑɚ
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ):
1)
Ɇɵɪɵɲ, ԕɚɥɚɣɵ, ԕɨɪԑɚɫɵɧ, ɦɵɫ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɠԥɧɟ
ɤԛɤɿɪɬ ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɵɧɵԙ ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɝɟ ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵɧ ɬɟɤɫɟɪɿԙɿɡ:
Ⱥ – ɧԝɫԕɚ:
ɫԝɣɵɬɵɥԑɚɧ ɚɡɨɬ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵ ɇNO
3
Ȼ – ɧԝɫԕɚ:
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɥɿ ɚɡɨɬ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵ ɇNO
3
ȼ – ɧԝɫԕɚ:
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɥɿ ɤԛɤɿɪɬ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵ H
2
SO
4
4)
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹɞɚɧ ɛɚɣԕɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɪɞɿ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿԙɿɡ
ɠԥɧɟ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɞɿ ɠɚɡɵԙɵɡ.
5)
Ⱥɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɦԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɿԙɿɡ ɠԥɧɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɬɵ ɬɨɬɵԑɭ – ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɞɵɪɭ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ (ȿ
0
)
ɦԥɧɞɟɪɿɧ ɟɫɤɟɪɟ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ɬɨɬɵԕɬɵɪԑɵɲ – ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪԑɚ ɦɟɬɚɥ
-
ɞɚɪ ɠԥɧɟ ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ԕɨɪɵɬɵɧɞɵ ɠɚɫɚ
-
ԙɵɡ, ɠɚɫɚɥԑɚɧ ԕɨɪɵɬɵɧɞɵɧɵԙ ɞԝɪɵɫɬɵԑɵɧ ɬɟɤɫɟɪɿԙɿɡ:
ɚ) Eº Zn
2+
/ Zn =
–
0,76 B
ɛ) Eº Sn
2+
/ Sn =
–
0,14 B
ɜ) Eº
Pb
2+
/Pb =
–
0,13 B
ɝ) Eº Cu
2+
/ Cu = + 0,34 B
ΘΡɪɚɥɞɚɪ ɦɟɧ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɬɟɪ:
Ⱥ – ɧԝɫԕɚ
.
ɋɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪ, ɫɭ ɦɨɧɲɚɫɵ, ɦɵɪɵɲ
Zn,
ԕɨɪԑɚɫɵɧ
Pb
ɬԛɣɿɪɲɿɤɬɟɪɿ, ԕɚɥɚɣɵ ԕɚԕɬɚɦɚɫɵ (ɮɨɥɶɝɚ)
Sn,
ɦɵɫ
Cu
ɫɵɦɵ
ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɫɵ, ɤԛɤɿɪɬ
S
ԝɧɬɚԑɵ, ɫԝɣɵɬɵɥԑɚɧ ɚɡɨɬ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵɧɵԙ ɇ
NO
3
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ.
Ȼ – ɧԝɫԕɚ.
ɋɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪ, ɫɭ ɦɨɧɲɚɫɵ, ɦɵɪɵɲ
Zn,
ԕɨɪԑɚɫɵɧ
Pb ɬԛɣɿɪɲɿɤɬɟɪɿ, ԕɚɥɚɣɵ ԕɚԕɬɚɦɚɫɵ (ɮɨɥɶɝɚ) Sn, ɦɵɫ Cu ɫɵɦɵ
ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɫɵ, ɤԛɤɿɪɬ S ԝɧɬɚԑɵ, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɥɿ ɚɡɨɬ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵɧɵԙ ɇNO
3
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ.