Упрощенная HTML-версия
365
ԑɚɧɚ ɝɚɡɞɵԙ ɛԧɥɿɧɟɬɿɧɿɧ ɤԧɪɿԙɿɡ. Ɉɞɚɧ ɚɪɵ ɬɚԑɵ ɞɚ ɟɤɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕ
ɚɥɵԙɵɡ. Ȼɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚ ɯɥɨɪ ɫɭɵ ɋ1
2
ɠԥɧɟ ɫɿɥɬɿ NɚɈɇ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿɧ ɚɪɚɥɚɫɬɵɪɵԙɵɡ, ɚɥ ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚ ɤԛɤɿɪɬ S
ԝɧɬɚԑɵ ɦɟɧ ɫɿɥɬɿ NɚɈɇ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ ɚɪɚɥɚɫɬɵɪɵɩ ɠԥɧɟ
ԕɚɣɧɚɬɵԙɵɡ. Ȼɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚ ɢɿɫɿɧɿԙ ɠɨɣɵɥԑɚɧɵɧ ɠԥɧɟ
ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚ ɢɿɫɿɧɿԙ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧɵɧ ɤԧɪɿԙɿɡ.
Ȼɨɫ ɯɥɨɪɞɵΝ ɢɿɫɿɧɿΝ ɠɨɣɵɥɭɵ ɯɥɨɪɞɵΝ ɫɿɥɬɿ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɦɟɧ
Ϋɡɚɪɚ Ωɪɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɿɧ ɚɣΕɚΙɬɚɣɞɵ. ɄΟɤɿɪɬɫɭɬɟɝɿɧɿΝ ɢɿɫɿɧɿΝ ɛɨɥɭɵ
ɫɿɥɬɿɥɿ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɵΝ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɿɧɿΝ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ ΫɧɿɦɿɧɿΝ ɬΟɡɿɥɭɿɧ
ɚɣΕɚΙɬɚɣɞɵ.
3-
ɬΩɠɿɪɢɛɟ.
Ɍɨɬɵԕɩɚɣɬɵɧ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪԑɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ
ɠԥɧɟ ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵ
Ɍɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪ
:
1)
ɋԛɣɵɬɵɥԑɚɧ ɤԛɤɿɪɬ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɟ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɬԝɡ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɟ ɦɵɪɵɲ, ԕɨɪԑɚɫɵɧ, ɦɵɫ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ
ɠԥɧɟ ɤԛɤɿɪɬ ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɵɧɵԙ ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵɧ ɬɟɤɫɟɪɿԙɿɡ.
2)
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹɞɚɧ ɛɚɣԕɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɪɞɿ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿԙɿɡ
ɠԥɧɟ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɿɧ ɠɚɡɵԙɵɡ.
3)
Ⱥɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɦԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɿԙɿɡ ɠԥɧɟ ɬɨɬɵԕɩɚɣɬɵɧ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪԑɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ ɦɟɧ ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ;
ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɬɵ ɬɨɬɵԑɭ – ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɭ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ
-
ɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ (ȿ
0
)
ɦԥɧɿɧ ɟɫɤɟɪɟ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ԕɨɪɵɬɵɧɞɵ ɠɚɫɚԙɵɡ,
ԕɨɪɵɬɵɧɞɵɧɵԙ ɞԝɪɵɫ ɠɚɫɚɥԑɚɧɵɧ ɬɟɤɫɟɪɿԙɿɡ.
ɚ) Eº Zn
2+
/ Zn =
–
0,76 B
ɛ) Eº
Pb
2+
/ Pb =
–
0,13
ɜ) Eº Cu
2+
/ Cu = + 0,34 B
ΘΡɪɚɥɞɚɪ ɠΩɧɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɬɟɪ.
ɋɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪ, ɫɭ ɦɨɧɲɚɫɵ,
ɦɵɪɵɲ
Zn
, ԕɨɪԑɚɫɵɧ Pb ɬԛɣɿɪɲɿɤɬɟɪɿ, ɦɵɫ
Cu
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɫɵ
ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɫɵɦɵ, ɤԛɤɿɪɬ S ԝɧɬɚԑɵ, ɤԛɤɿɪɬ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵ ɇ
2
SO
4
ɧɟɦɟɫɟ
ɬԝɡ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵɧɵԙ ɇɋ1 ɫԝɣɵɬɵɥԑɚɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿ.
ɌΩɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿΝ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɭɵ
.
Ɍԧɪɬ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ 1 ɦɥ
-
ɞɟɧ
ɫԝɣɵɬɵɥԑɚɧ ɤԛɤɿɪɬ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɬԝɡ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵɧɵԙ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿɧ
ԕԝɣɵԙɵɡ. Ȼɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ ɦɵɪɵɲ (
Zn
) ɬԛɣɿɪɲɿɝɿɧ, ɚɥ
ɟɤɿɧɲɿɝɟ – ԕɨɪԑɚɫɵɧ (Pb) ɬԛɣɿɪɲɿɝɿɧ, ԛɲɿɧɲɿɝɟ – ɦɵɫ
(Cu)