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Ȼɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɬɚɛɚԕɲɚɞɚ ɝɚɡɞɵԙ ɛԧɥɿɧɝɟɧɿɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɛɟɣɬɚɪɚɩ ɨɪɬɚɞɚɧ
ɫɿɥɬɿɥɿ ɨɪɬɚԑɚ ԧɡɝɟɪɝɟɧɿɧ ɤԧɪɿԙɿɡ, ɚɥ ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ɬɚɛɚԕɲɚɞɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ
ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɪɿ ɠɨԕ.
Ⱥɪɵ ԕɚɪɚɣ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕ ɚɥɵԙɵɡ ɠԥɧɟ ɨԑɚɧ ɫɭɦɟɧ ɤԛɤɿɪɬɬɿԙ
ԝɧɬɚԑɵɧ ɚɪɚɥɚɫɬɵɪɵɩ ɫɚɥɵԙɵɡ, ɟɪɭ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɛɨɥɦɚɭɵɧ
ɤԧɪɿԙɿɡ. ɏɥɨɪ ɫɭɵɧ (ɚɥɞɵɧ ɚɥɚ ɡɟɪɬɯɚɧɚɲɵɦɟɧ ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚɥԑɚɧ)
ԧɧɿɦɞɟ ɯɥɨɪɞɵ ɋ1
2
ɫɭɦɟɧ ԧɡɚɪɚ ԥɪɤɟɬɬɟɫɬɿɪɿɩ ɫɚɩɚɥɵԕ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɦɟɧ ɬɟɤɫɟɪɿԙɿɡ
ɋɭɬɟɝɿ ɢɨɧɵ (ɇ
+
)
ԕɚԑɚɡ ԥɦɛɟɛɚɩ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵɦɟɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿԙ
ɪɇ ɫɭɬɟɤɬɿԙ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɤɿɲɿɧɿԙ ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ. ɪɇ
7 ɨɪɬɚ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵ.
ɏɥɨɪɢɞ ɢɨɧɵ (ɋ1
)
ɯɥɨɪ ɫɭɵɦɟɧ ɚԕ ɬԝɧɛɚ ɬԛɡɟɬɿɧ, ɤԛɦɿɫ
ɧɢɬɪɚɬɵ ɬԝɡ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɿԙ ԥɫɟɪɿɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ:
CI + Ag
+
o
AgCI
p
ȺɬɨɦɚɪɥɵΙ ɨɬɬɟɝɿ (Ɉ)
ɯɥɨɪ ɫɭɵɧɞɚ ɬԛɫɫɿɡɞɟɧɟɬɿɧ, ɮɭɤɫɢɧ
ɛɨɹԑɵɲɵɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ.
2-
ɬΩɠɿɪɢɛɟ.
Ɇɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɠԥɧɟ
ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɫɿɥɬɿɥɟɪɝɟ ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵ
Ɍɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪ
:
1)
ɇɚɬɪɢɣ ɫɿɥɬɿ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɟ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɣ, ɦɵɫ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ,
ɯɥɨɪ, ɤԛɤɿɪɬ ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵɧ ɬɟɤɫɟɪɿԙɿɡ.
2)
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹɞɚɧ ɛɚɣԕɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɪɞɿ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿԙɿɡ
ɠԥɧɟ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɿɧ ɠɚɡɵԙɵɡ.
3)
Ⱥɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɦԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɿԙɿɡ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɿɥɬɿɝɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ
ɠԥɧɟ ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ԕɨɪɵɬɵɧɞɵ ɠɚɫɚԙɵɡ.
ΘΡɪɚɥɞɚɪ ɠΩɧɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɬɟɪ:
ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪ ɩɥɢɬɚɫɵ,
ɞɢɫɬɢɥɞɟɧɝɟɧ ɫɭ ɇ
2
Ɉ, ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɣ Ⱥ1 ɬԛɣɿɪɲɿɤɬɟɪɿ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɫɵ, ɦɵɫ ɋu ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɫɵ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɫɵɦɵ, ԝɧɬɚԕɬɚɥԑɚɧ
ɤԛɤɿɪɬ S ԝɧɬɚԑɵ, ɯɥɨɪ ɫɭɵ ɋ1
2
(ɚɥɞɵɧ ɚɥɚ ɡɟɪɬɯɚɧɚɲɵɦɟɧ
ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚɥԑɚɧ), ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ NɚɈɇ
.
ɌΩɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿΝ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɭɵ.
ȿɤɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕ ɚɥɵԙɵɡ: ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿɝɟ
Ⱥ1 ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɫɵɧ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɬԛɣɿɪɲɿɝɿɧ ɫɚɥɵԙɵɡ, ɚɥ ɟɤɿɧɲɿɝɟ ɋ
u
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɫɵɧ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɫɵɦɵɧ ɫɚɥɵԙɵɡ ɠԥɧɟ ɨɥɚɪԑɚ 1
-
2 ɦɥ
NɚɈɇ ɫɿɥɬɿ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ ԕԝɣɵԙɵɡ, ɫɨɧɚɧ ɫɨԙ ɷɥɟɤɬɪ ɩɥɢɬɚɫɵɧɞɚ
ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪɞɵ ɚɛɚɣɥɚɩ ԕɵɡɞɵɪɵԙɵɡ. Ɍɟɤ ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚ