36
Ɉɫɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɞɿԙ ɧɟɝɿɡɿɧɞɟ
ɗ. Ɋɟɡɟɪɮɨɪɞ
(1911 ɠ.) ɚɬɨɦɧɵԙ
ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɥɵԕ (ɹɞɪɨɥɵԕ) ɦɨɞɟɥɿɧ ԝɫɵɧɞɵ. Ⱥɬɨɦ ɛԛɤɿɥ ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵ ɦɟɧ
ԧɥɲɟɦɿ ɲɨԑɵɪɥɚɧԑɚɧ ɨԙ ɡɚɪɹɞɬɚɥԑɚɧ ԧɬɟ ɤɿɲɤɟɧɟ ɹɞɪɨ ɦɟɧ ɹɞ
-
ɪɨɧɵ ɚɣɧɚɥɚ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɬɟɪɿɫ ɡɚɪɹɞɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɚɪɞɚɧ ɬԝɪɚ
-
ɞɵ (ɹɞɪɨɧɵԙ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɿ
|
10Ǧ
15
ɦ, ɚɥ ɚɬɨɦɧɵԙ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɿ
|
10Ǧ
10
ɦ).
ɗ. Ɋɟɡɟɪɮɨɪɞɬɵԙ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ ɚɬɨɦ ԕԝɪɵɥɵɫɵɧ ɬɚɧɵɩ
-
ɛɿɥɭɞɟ
ɠɚɫɚɥԑɚɧ ԛɥɤɟɧ ԕɚɞɚɦ ɛɨɥɞɵ, ɛɿɪɚԕ, ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵɥɵԑɵɧ,
ɫɨɧɵɦɟɧ ԕɚɬɚɪ ɛɭ ɦɟɧ ɝɚɡ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɥɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɫɵɡɵԕɬɵԕ ɫɢɩɚɬ
-
ɬɚɦɚɫɵɧ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɟ ɚɥɦɚɞɵ. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɬɿɤ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ ɹɞɪɨɧɵ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɶ ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ ɚɣɧɚɥɚ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɩ ɠԥɧɟ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɧɵ ԛɡɞɿɤɫɿɡ ɛԧɥɟ ɠԛɪɿɩ ɹɞɪɨԑɚ ԕԝɥɚɩ ɤɟɬɭɿ ɤɟɪɟɤ ɟɞɿ.
ɇ. Ȼɨɪ
1913 ɠɵɥɵ ɫɭɬɟɤ ɚɬɨɦɵɧɵԙ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɿɧ ɡɟɪɬɬɟɣ
ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ɚɬɨɦɧɵԙ ɹɞɪɨɥɵԕ ɦɨɞɟɥɿɧ ɠɚɪɵԕɬɵԙ ɤɜɚɧɬɬɵԕ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ
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ɫɵɦɟɧ ɛɿɪɿɤɬɿɪɟɬɿɧ ɬɟɨɪɢɹɧɵ ɚɲɬɵ ɠԥɧɟ
ɟɤɿ ɩɨɫɬɭɥɚɬ
ԝɫɵɧɞɵ:
1) ɚɬɨɦɞɚΕɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɚɪ ΙɨɡΕɚɥɵɫɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɛɿɪ ɨɪɛɢɬɚ
ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ (ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɥɵ) ɠΟɡɟɝɟ ɚɫɵɪɵɥɚɞɵ.
2) ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɥɵ ɨɪɛɢɬɚ ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ ΙɨɡΕɚɥΕɚɧɞɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɛΫɥɦɟɣɞɿ ɠΩɧɟ ɫɿΝɿɪɦɟɣɞɿ.
Ȼɨɪɞɵԙ ɚɣɬɭɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ, ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɧɵԙ ɛԧɥɿɧɭɿ ɦɟɧ ɫɿԙɿɪɿɥɭɿ
ɬɟɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵԙ ɛɿɪ ɤԛɣɞɟɧ ɛɚɫԕɚ ɤԛɣɝɟ ɚɭɵɫɭɵ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ
ɠԛɡɟɝɟ ɚɫɵɪɵɥɚɞɵ:
'
ȿ = ȿ
2
– ȿ
1
= h
Q
ɦԝɧɞɚԑɵ
h
= 6,63
10Ǧ
34
Ⱦɠ
ɫ – ɉɥɚɧɤ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵɫɵ,
Q
– ɚɭɵɫɭ
ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɚɬɨɦɧɵԙ ɫɿԙɿɪɟɬɿɧ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɠԝɬɚɬɵɧ ɠɚɪɵԕ ɠɢɿɥɿɝɿ.
Ⱥɬɨɦ ԕɚɥɵɩɬɵ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ (ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɞɵ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɦɟɧ) ɲɟɤɫɿɡ
ɭɚԕɵɬ ɚɪɚɥɵԑɵɧɞɚ ɛɨɥɚ ɚɥɚɞɵ, ɚɥ ԕɨɡԑɚɧ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ (ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵԙ
ɧɟԑԝɪɥɵɦ ɠɨԑɚɪɵ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɫɵɧɚ ɚɭɵɫɭɵ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ) ɫɟɤɭɧɞɬɵԙ ɚɡ
ԑɚɧɚ ɛԧɥɿɝɿɧɞɟ (10Ǧ
8
– 10Ǧ
10
ɫ) ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ⱥɬɨɦ ԕɵɡɞɵɪɭ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɥɿɤ
ɡɚɪɹɞɬɚɥɭ, ɠɚɪɵԕ ɠԝɬɵɥɭ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ ԕɨɡɚɞɵ. Ɉɥ ɷɥɟɤ
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ɬɪɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɞɟԙɝɟɣɥɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɚɣɵɪɦɚɫɵɧɚ ɫɚɣ
ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɛɿɪ ɤɜɚɧɬ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧ ԑɚɧɚ ɠԝɬɚɞɵ. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵԙ
ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ԕɚɥɩɵɧɚ ԕɚɣɬɚ ɤɟɥɭɿ ɬɭɪɚ ɫɨɧɞɚɣ ɤɜɚɧɬ ɷɧɟɝɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ
ɛԧɥɿɧɭɿɦɟɧ ɠԛɡɟɝɟ ɚɫɚɞɵ.
Ȼɨɪ ɬɟɨɪɢɹɫɵ ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵɥɵԑɵɧ, ɚɬɨɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ
-
ɥɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɫɵɡɵԕɬɵԕ ɫɢɩɚɬɵɧɵԙ ɮɢɡɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɬɚɛɢԑɚɬɵ ɦɟɧ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ
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ɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɬɵԕ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɿɧ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɞɿ. Ȼɿɪɚԕ ɤԧɩ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɵ
ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɿ ɦɟɧ ɚɬɨɦɧɵԙ ԕɚɪɚɩɚɣɵɦ ɛԧɥɲɟɤɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ
ɬɨɥԕɵɧɞɵԕ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɿɧ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɟ ɚɥɦɚɞɵ.