Упрощенная HTML-версия
35
ɀɚɥɩɵ ɚɥԑɚɧɞɚ,
N
p
= N
Ɲ
ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɚɬɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɛɟɣɬɚɪɚɩ.
ɉɪɨɬɨɧɞɚɪ ɦɟɧ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɨɫɵɧɞɵɫɵ ɚɬɨɦɧɵԙ ɦɚɫɫɚɥɵԕ
ɫɚɧɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɣɞɵ:
A
r
= N
p
+ N
n
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ɚɬɨɦɞɵԕ ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵɧɵԙ
ɞԧԙɝɟɥɟɤɬɟɧɝɟɧ ɫɚɧɞɵԕ ɦԥɧɿɧɟ ɬɟԙ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ
:
ɚɬɨɦɵɧɵԙ ԕԝɪɚɦɵɧɚ (ɠɨԑɚɪԑɵ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɦɚɫɫɚ
-
ɥɵԕ ɫɚɧɞɵ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ, ɚɥ ɬԧɦɟɧɝɿ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɪɟɬɬɿɤ
ɧԧɦɿɪɿɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ) 11 ɩɪɨɬɨɧ (
N
p
), 11 ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ (
N
Ɲ
) ɠԥɧɟ 12
ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧ (
N
n
) ɤɿɪɟɞɿ:
N
n
= A
r
–
N
n
= 23
–
11 = 12.
Ɍɚɛɢԑɚɬɬɚ ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɬɚɪ ɬԛɪɿɧɞɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
ɂɡɨɬɨɩɬɚɪ
–
ɛɿɪ
-
ɛɿɪɿɧɟɧ ɬɟɤ ɹɞɪɨɥɵΙ ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
ɟɪɟɤɲɟɥɟɧɟɬɿɧ ɛɿɪ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɚɬɨɦɵɧɵΝ ΩɪɬΟɪɥɿɥɿɝɿ
(ɦԝɧɞɚɣ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪ ɹɞɪɨɥɚɪɵɧɞɚ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɞɚɪ ɫɚɧɵ ɛɿɪɞɟɣ, ɛɿɪɚԕ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧ
ɫɚɧɵ ԥɪɬԛɪɥɿ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ).
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɬɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧɞɟ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɬɵԕ
ԕԝɪɚɦɵɧ ɟɫɤɟɪɟ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ
ɚɬɨɦɞɵԕ ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵɧɵԙ (
A
r
)
ɨɪɬɚɲɚ ɦԥɧɿ ɤɟɥɬɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ, ɫɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ
A
r
ɛԛɬɿɧ ɫɚɧ ɟɦɟɫ, ɛԧɥɲɟɤ ɫɚɧ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ
:
ɯɥɨɪɞɵԙ ɟɤɿ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɵ ɛɚɪ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɚɬɨɦɞɵԕ
ԛɥɟɫɬɟɪɿ
ԛɲɿɧ
Z
= 0,754;
ԛɲɿɧ
Z
= 0,246. Ɉɧɞɚ ɯɥɨɪɞɵԙ
ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ɚɬɨɦɞɵԕ ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵ ɦɵɧɚԑɚɧ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ
:
A
r
(ɨɪɬ.) =
0,754
35 + 0,246
37= 35,453
Ⱥɬɨɦ ΙΡɪɵɥɵɫɵɧɵΝ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɞɟɪɿ
ɏIɏ ԑɚɫɵɪɞɵԙ ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ɠɚɪɬɵɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ԑɵɥɵɦɢ ɠɚԙɚɥɵԕɬɚɪ
ԕɚɬɚɪɵ (ɤɚɬɨɞɬɚԑɵ ɫԥɭɥɟɥɟɧɭ, ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɬɿɥɿɤ ɠԥɧɟ ɮɨɬɨɷɮɮɟɤɬ
ԕԝɛɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɚɲɵɥɭɵ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɹɞɪɨ ɡɚɪɹɞɬɚɪɵɧɵԙ
ɚɧɵԕɬɚɥɭɵ,
D
,
E
,
J
– ɫԥɭɥɟɥɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɬɚɛɢԑɚɬɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭ, ɩɟɪɢɨɞɬɵԕ
ɡɚԙɧɵԙ ɚɲɵɥɭɵ) ɚɬɨɦ ԕԝɪɵɥɵɫɵɧɵԙ ɤԛɪɞɟɥɿɥɿɝɿ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ԝԑɵɦԑɚ
ԛɥɤɟɧ ԛɥɟɫ ԕɨɫɬɵ.
Ԕɚɡɿɪɝɿ ɤɟɡɞɟɝɿ ɚɬɨɦ ԕԝɪɵɥɵɫɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɿɧɟɧ ɛԝɪɵɧ ɛɿɪɧɟɲɟ
ɦɨɞɟɥɿ ɛɨɥԑɚɧ.
Ⱦɠ. ɌɨɦɫɨɧɧɵΝ
(1904 ɠ.) ԝԑɵɦɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɚɬɨɦ
ɛɟɣɬɚɪɚɩɬɚɧԑɚɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɚɪɵ ɛɚɪ, ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɿ 0,1 ɧɦ ɬɟԙ, ɨԙ
ɡɚɪɹɞɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɛɿɪɞɟɣ ɬɵԑɵɡɞɵԕɬɵ ɫɮɟɪɚ.