Упрощенная HTML-версия
353
1-
ɫɭɪɟɬ
. Ƚɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ: 1, 5 – ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɬɟɤɬɿ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɬɚɪ; 3 – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿ (ɬԝɡ) ɤԧɩɿɪ;
2, 4
– ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿ.
ɉɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɵɧɵԙ ɦԥɧɿ ɤɿɲɿ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɬɵ ɫɨɥ ɠɚԕɬɚ ɠɚɡɚɞɵ, ɨɥ
ɚɧɨɞ
ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ
,
ɬɟɪɿɫ (
–
) ɡɚɪɹɞɬɚɥΕɚɧ;
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɵɧɵԙ ɦԥɧɿ
ԛɥɤɟɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɬɵ ɨԙ ɠɚԕɬɚ ɠɚɡɚɞɵ, ɨɥ
ɤɚɬɨɞ
ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ, ɨΝ
(+) ɡɚɪɹɞɬɚɥΕɚɧ.
Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɥɟɧɝɟɧ ɝɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿɤ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ
ɚɧɨɞɬɵԙ ɪԧɥɿɧ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ ɚɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɣɞɵ, ɚɥ
ɤɚɬɨɞɬɵԙ ɪԧɥɿɧ – ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ ɤԧɩ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɣɞɵ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɬɵԕ ɠɚɪɬɵɥɚɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɵ ɬɨɬɵԑɭ (ɫɨɥ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞ)
ɠԥɧɟ ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɭ (ɨԙ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞ) ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɵ ɫɢɹԕɬɵ ɠɚɡɭ
ԕɚɛɵɥɞɚɧԑɚɧ, ɫɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɠɚɥɩɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɨɫɵ ɟɤɿ ɠɚɪɬɵ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ԕɨɫɵɧɞɵɫɵ ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ɠɚɡɵɥɚɞɵ:
Ⱥɧɨɞ:
Ɇɟ
1
–
nƝ = Me
1
n+
(ɬɨɬɵԑɭ)
Ʉɚɬɨɞ:
Me
2
n+
+ nƝ = Me
2
(ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɭ)
Ԕɨɫɵɧɞɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ
:
Ɇɟ
1
+ Me
2
n+
= Me
1
n+
+ Me
2
Ƚɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ
ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɦɚɫɵ
– ɨԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɨɥ
ɠɚԕɬɚԑɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɬɚɪ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɚɣɵɪɵɦɵɧɚ ɬɟԙ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪ ΙɨɡΕɚɭɲɵ ɤΟɲɿ
(ɗԔɄ): E
0
= E
ɨԙ
–
E
ɫɨɥ
ɗԔɄ > 0 ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ Ƚɗ
-
ɬɟ ɬɭɪɚ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɵɥԑɚɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ
ԧɡɞɿɝɿɧɟɧ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ; ɗԔɄ < 0 ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɤɟɪɿ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɵɥԑɚɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ
ԧɡɞɿɝɿɧɟɧ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ, ɚɥ ɗԔɄ = 0 ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ Ƚɗ ɠԝɦɵɫ ɠɚɫɚɦɚɣɞɵ.
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–
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