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Ʉɨɪɪɨɡɢɹ
–
ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ ɦɟɧ ɛɚɥΙɵɦɚɥɚɪɞɵΝ ΙɨɪɲɚΕɚɧ
ɨɪɬɚɦɟɧ Ωɫɟɪɥɟɫɭɿ ɧΩɬɢɠɟɫɿɧɞɟ Ϋɡɞɿɝɿɧɟɧ ɛΡɡɵɥɭ Οɞɟɪɿɫɿ.
Ʉɨɪɪɨɡɢɹɧɵ
ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ
ɠԥɧɟ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ
ɞɟɩ ɟɤɿ
ɬԛɪɝɟ ɛԧɥɟɞɿ
,
ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿɫɿ ԕɨɪɲɚԑɚɧ ɨɪɬɚɦɟɧ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ԥɪɟɤɟɬ
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ɬɟɫɭɥɟɪɝɟ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ, ɚɥ ɟɤɿɧɲɿɫɿ – ɝɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɠԝɩɬɚɪɞɵԙ
ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿɦɟɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɹɞɚ ɚɧɨɞɬɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɵԙ ɬɨɬɵԑɭɵ
ɠԛɪɟɞɿ, ɚɥ ɤɚɬɨɞɬɚ ɨɪɬɚɧɵԙ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɬɟɪɿ ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɚɞɵ:
ԕɵɲԕɵɥ ɨɪɬɚɞɚ – ɫɭɬɟɝɿ, ɚɥ ɛɟɣɬɚɪɚɩ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɿɥɬɿɥɿ ɨɪɬɚɞɚ –
ɨɬɬɟɝɿ.
ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ ɬɟɦɿɪ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɹɫɵ ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
ɠԛɪɟɞɿ:
*
ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɵΙ ɨɪɬɚɞɚ:
Fe + 2HCl
o
FeCl
2
+ H
2
n
ɨɫɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɫԝɥɛɚɫɵ: (
–
) Fe | Fe
2+
|| HCl || 2H
+
| H
2
(+)
*
ɛɟɣɬɚɪɚɩ ɠΩɧɟ ɫɿɥɬɿɥɿɤ ɨɪɬɚɞɚ
: 2Fe + O
2
+ 2H
2
O = 2Fe(OH)
2
ɨɫɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɫԝɥɛɚɫɵ:
(
–
) Fe | Fe
2+
|| O
2
, H
2
O || O
2
, 2H
2
O | 4OHǦ (+)
Ɍԛɡɿɥɟɬɿɧ Fe(OH)
2
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿ ɚɭɚɞɚԑɵ ɨɬɬɟɝɿɦɟɧ ɠɟԙɿɥ
ɬɨɬɵԑɚɞɵ:
4Fe(OH)
2
+ O
2
+ 2H
2
O = 4Fe(OH)
3
Ɇɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɨɫɩɚɫɵ ɛɨɥԑɚɧ ɤɟɡɞɟɝɿ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ
ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɹ ɤԛɲɟɣɟɞɿ, ɛԝɥ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ ɛɿɪɧɟɲɟ ɝɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɠԝɩ
ɬԛɡɿɥɟɞɿ.
ȻΡɥ ɠΡɩɬɚɪɞɚ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɹΕɚ ɚɫɚ ɛɟɥɫɟɧɞɿ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵΝ
ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɵ Ρɲɵɪɚɣɞɵ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ:
(HCl) ɬԝɡ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɟ (
Cu
) ɦɵɫ ɠԥɧɟ
(Fe) ɬɟɦɿɪ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɚɥɚɪɵɧ ɛɚɬɵɪɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɹԑɚ ɬɟɦɿɪ
ԝɲɵɪɚɣɞɵ, ԧɣɬɤɟɧɿ:
ȿ
0
(Fe
2+
/ Fe =
–
0,44 B) <
ȿ
0
(Cu
2+
/ Cu = + 0,34 B)
Ʉɨɪɪɨɡɢɹ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵΕɵ ɧɟΕΡɪɥɵɦ ɠɨΕɚɪɵ ɛɨɥΕɚɧ ɫɚɣɵɧ,
ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵΝ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ Ιɚɬɚɪɵɧɞɚ ɛɿɪ
-
ɛɿɪɿɧɟɧ ɧɟΕΡɪɥɵɦ ɚɥɵɫ
ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫɚɞɵ ɠΩɧɟ ΙɨɪɲɚΕɚɧ ɨɪɬɚɧɵΝ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɫɵ ɫɨΕΡɪɥɵɦ
ɠɨΕɚɪɵ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.