Упрощенная HTML-версия
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ɋɭɬɟɤɬɿɤ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɤɿɲ (ɪɇ) ɫɚɧɞɵԕ ɬԛɪɞɟ ɫɭɬɟɤ ɢɨɧɵɧɵԙ
ɦɨɥɶɞɿɤ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɬɟɪɿɫ ɨɧɞɵԕ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɿɧɟ ɬɟԙ:
ɪɇ = – Ɛg [ ɇ
+
]
Ȼɟɣɬɚɪɚɩ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɞɟ
ɪɇ = 7
, ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ –
ɪɇ < 7
,
ɫɿɥɬɿɥɿɤ –
ɪɇ > 7
.
ɋɭɬɟɤɬɿɤ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɤɿɲ (ɪɇ) ɦԥɧɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿԙ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɫɿɥɬɿɥɿɤ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿɧ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ:
ɫɭɥɵ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿΝ ɪɇ
-
ɬɵΝ ɦΩɧɿ ɧɟΕΡɪɥɵɦ ɚɡ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɫɨΕΡɪɥɵɦ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿΝ ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɵΕɵ ɠɨΕɚɪɵ ɠΩɧɟ ɤɟɪɿɫɿɧɲɟ, ɫɭɥɵ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿΝ ɪɇ ɦΩɧɿ Οɥɤɟɧ ɛɨɥΕɚɧ ɫɚɣɵɧ, ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿΝ ɫɿɥɬɿɥɿɝɿ
ɚɪɬɚɞɵ.
Ɉɪɬɚɧɵԙ ɫɚɩɚɥɵԕ ɫɢɩɚɬɵɧ ɪɇ
-
ԕɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɬԛɫɿ ԧɡɝɟɪɟɬɿɧ
ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɵΙ
-
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɥɚɪ (ɥɚɤɦɭɫ, ɮɟɧɨɥɮɬɚɥɟɢɧ, ɦɟɬɢ
-
ɥɨɪɚɧɠɠΩɧɟ ɬ.ɛ.)
ɤԧɦɟɝɿɦɟɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɣɞɵ.
ɌΡɡɞɚɪɞɵΝ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɿ
–
ɧΩɬɢɠɟɫɿɧɞɟ Ωɥɫɿɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬ (ɚɡ
ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɚɬɵɧ Ιɨɫɵɥɵɫ) ɬΟɡɿɥɟɬɿɧ ɠΩɧɟ ɫɭɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿ
ɨɪɬɚɫɵɧɵΝ ɫɢɩɚɬɵ Ϋɡɝɟɪɟɬɿɧ, ɬΡɡ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧɵΝ ɫɭɞɵΝ ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɵɦɟɧ ɚɥɦɚɫɭ ɚɪΙɵɥɵ Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɿ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵ.
Ƚɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɝɟ Ρɲɵɪɚɣɬɵɧ ɬΡɡɞɚɪ
:
x
Ωɥɫɿɡ ɧɟɝɿɡ ɠΩɧɟ ɤΟɲɬɿ ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɵΝ
ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɿɧɟɧ
ɬԛɡɿɥɝɟɧ ɬԝɡɞɚɪ (ɤɚɬɢɨɧ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɞɟɧɭ); ɛԝɥ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ
ɬԝɡɞɵԙ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɵ ɚɡ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɚɬɵɧ ɬԝɡɞɚɪɞɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ
ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɦɟɧ Ɉɇ
–
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɚɞɵ, ɚɥ ɚɪɬɵԕ ɫɭɬɟɝɿ ɢɨɧɵ ɇ
+
ԕɵɲԕɵɥ ɨɪɬɚɧɵ ɠɚɫɚɣɞɵ,
ɪɇ < 7;
x
ɤΟɲɬɿ ɧɟɝɿɡ ɠΩɧɟ Ωɥɫɿɡ ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɵΝ
ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɿɧɟɧ
ɬԛɡɿɥɝɟɧ ɬԝɡɞɚɪ (ɚɧɢɨɧ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɞɟɧɭ); ɛԝɥ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ
ɬԝɡɞɵԙ ɚɧɢɨɧɵ ɚɡ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɵɬɵɧ ɬԝɡɞɚ ɫɭɬɟɝɿ ɢɨɧɵɦɟɧ
ɇ
+
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɚɞɵ, ɚɥ ɚɪɬɵԕ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ ɢɨɧɵ Ɉɇ
–
ɫɿɥɬɿɥɿ ɨɪɬɚɧɵ
ɠɚɫɚɣɞɵ,
ɪɇ > 7
;
x
Ωɥɫɿɡ ɧɟɝɿɡ ɠΩɧɟ Ωɥɫɿɡ ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɵΝ
ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɿɧɟɧ
ɬԛɡɿɥɝɟɧ ɬԝɡɞɚɪ (ɤɚɬɢɨɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɚɧɢɨɧ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɞɟɧɭ).
Ȼԝɥ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ ɬԝɡɞɵԙ ɢɨɧɵ ɟɤɿ ɚɡ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɰɢɹɥɚɧɚɬɵɧ ɬԝɡ ɬԛɡɟ
ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ ɢɨɧɵɦɟɧ ɞɟ Ɉɇ
–
, ɫɭɬɟɝɿ ɇ
+
ɢɨɧɵɦɟɧ
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɚɞɵ, ɹԑɧɢ ɨɪɬɚ, ԥɥɫɿɡ ɫɿɥɬɿɥɿ ɠԥɧɟ ԥɥɫɿɡ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵ