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ΘΡɪɚɥɞɚɪ ɠΩɧɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɬɟɪ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪԧɬɤɿɡɝɿɲɬɿɤɬɿ ɡɟɪɬɬɟɭ
ԕԝɪɵɥԑɵɫɵ, ɫɵɣɵɦɞɵɥɵԑɵ 100 ɦɥ
-
ɥɿɤ ɚɥɬɵ ɫɬɚɤɚɧ, ɞɢɫɬɢɥ
-
ɞɟɧɝɟɧ ɫɭ H
2
O, 0,1 Ɇ
-
ɞɿɤ ԕɚɧɬɬɵԙ C
12
H
22
O
11
, ɫɿɪɤɟ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵɧɵԙ
ɋɇ
3
ɋɈɈɇ, ɚɦɦɨɧɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿɧɿԙ
NH
4
OH, ɬԝɡ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵɧɵԙ
HCl, ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿɧɿԙ NaOH ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿ.
ɌΩɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿΝ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɚɭɵ.
ɋɵɣɵɦɞɵɥɵԑɵ 100 ɦɥ
-
ɥɿɤ ɚɥɬɵ
ɫɬɚɤɚɧԑɚ ɲɚɦɚɦɟɧ 50 ɦɥ
-
ɞɟɧ H
2
O ɠԥɧɟ 0,1 Ɇ
-
ɞɿɤ C
12
H
22
O
11
,
ɋɇ
3
ɋɈɈɇ, NH
4
OH, HCl ɠԥɧɟ NaOH ԕԝɣɵԙɵɡ.
Ȼɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɬɚɪɞɵ ɫɭɵ H
2
O ɛɚɪ ɫɬɚɤɚɧԑɚ ɫɚɥɵɩ,
ɲɚɦɧɵԙ ɠɚɧɭɵɧ ɛɚԕɵɥɚɩ, ɠɚɪɵԑɵɧɚ ɧɚɡɚɪ ɚɭɞɚɪɵԙɵɡ. Ɉɫɵɧɞɚɣ
ɠɨɥɦɟɧ ɋɇ
3
ɋɈɈɇ, NH
4
OH, HCl, NaOH ɠԥɧɟ C
12
H
22
O
11
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɷɥɟɤɬɪ ԧɬɤɿɡɝɿɲɬɿɝɿɧ ɫɵɧɚԙɵɡ. Ȼɚɪɥɵԕ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ
ɲɚɦɧɵԙ ɠɚɪɵԑɵɧ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɵԙɵɡ. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɬɚɪɞɵ ɟɪɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɝɟ
ɛɚɬɵɪɚɪɞɵԙ ɚɥɞɵɧɞɚ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɞɟɧɝɟɧ ɫɭɦɟɧ ɲɚɣɵɩ ɚɥɭ ԕɚɠɟɬ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪԧɬɤɿɡɝɿɲɬɿɤɬɿ ɡɟɪɬɬɟɭ ԛɲɿɧ ԕԝɪɚɥɞɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪ ɠɟɥɿɫɿɧɟ
ԕɨɫɵԙɵɡ (1
-
ɫɭɪɟɬ).
1-
ɫɭɪɟɬ –
ȿɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɷɥɟɤɬɪ ԧɬɤɿɡɝɿɲɬɿɝɿɧ ɡɟɪɬɬɟɭɝɟ ɚɪɧɚɥԑɚɧ
ԕԝɪɚɥ:
1-
ɬԧɦɟɧɞɟɬɤɿɲ (ɛԧɥɟɬɿɧ) ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪ;
2-
ɛɟɥɝɿ ɲɚɦɵ, 3
-
ɡɟɪɬɬɟɥɟɬɿɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿ ɫɬɚɤɚɧɵ, 4
-
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɬɚɪ.
2-
ɬΩɠɿɪɢɛɟ
. Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪԧɬɤɿɡɝɿɲɬɿɤ
ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿ
Ɍɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪ:
1)
Ɍԧɦɟɧɞɟɝɿ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɵ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɿԙɿɡɞɟɪ:
CH
3
COOH + NH
4
OH ĺ CH
3
COONH
4
+ H
2
O
BaCl
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
ĺ
BaCO
3
Ļ
+ 2NaCl
2)
ɀɨԑɚɪɵɞɚ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧɞɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪ
ԧɬɤɿɡɝɿɲɬɿɤɬɿ ɬɟɤɫɟɪɿԙɿɡ ɠԥɧɟ ɲɚɦɧɵԙ ɠɚɪԕɵɥɵɧ ɛɚɣԕɚԙɵɡ.
3)
Ⱥɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɦԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɿɩ, ԕɨɪɵɬɵɧɞɵ ɠɚɫɚԙɵɡ.
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