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ɗɄɋɉȿɊɂɆȿɇɌɌȱɄ ȻԦɅȱɆ
1
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ɬΩɠɿɪɢɛɟ
. Ɂɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿ
ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɟɩɟ
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ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɿԙ ɵԑɵɫɭɵ
Ɍɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪ:
1)
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɟɩɟ
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ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ
ԧɪɧɟɝɿɧ ɠɚɡɵԙɵɡ, Ʌɟ ɒɚɬɟɥɶɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɿɧɟ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɦɵɧɚɞɚɣ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ԛɲɿɧ ɬɟɩɟ
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ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɿԙ ɵԑɵɫɭɵɧɚ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚ
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ɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ԥɫɟɪɿɧ ɞԥɥɟɥɞɟԙɿɡ:
Fɟɋl
3
(ɟɪ) + 3ɄSɋN (ɟɪ)
Fɟ(SɋN)
3
(ɟɪ) + 3Ʉɋl (ɟɪ)
2) ɀɨԑɚɪɵɞɚ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪɿ (FeCl
3
,
KSCN) ɦɟɧ ԧɧɿɦɞɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟɝɿ
ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɿԙɿɡ.
3) Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹɞɚɧ ɛɚɣԕɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɪɞɿ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿԙɿɡ,
ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚԑɵ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɟɩɟ
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ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɿԙ ɬɭɪɚ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɤɟɪɿ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɛɚԑɵɬɵɧɚ ԕɚɪɚɣ ɵԑɵɫɭɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚԙɵɡ.
4) Ⱥɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɦԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɿɩ, ԕɨɪɵɬɵɧɞɵ ɠɚɫɚԙɵɡ.
ΘΡɪɚɥɞɚɪ ɠΩɧɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɬɟɪ.
ɋɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪ, ɤɚɥɢɣ ɪɨɞɚɧɢ
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ɞɿɧɿԙ KSCN, ɬɟɦɿɪ (III) ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿɧɿԙ FeCl
3
ɠԥɧɟ ɤɚɥɢɣ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿɧɿԙ
KCl ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɞɵ ԝɧɬɚԕɬɚɪɵ, ɤɚɥɢɣ ɪɨɞɚɧɢɞɿɧɿԙ KSCN ɠԥɧɟ
ɬɟɦɿɪ(III) ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿɧɿԙ FeCl
3
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿ.
ɌΩɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿΝ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɭɵ.
Ɍɟԙɞɟɣ ɤԧɥɟɦɞɟ ɬԝɡ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿɧ,
ɤɚɥɢɣ ɪɨɞɚɧɢɞɿ KSCN ɦɟɧ ɬɟɦɿɪ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿɧ FeCl
3
ɚɪɚɥɚɫɬɵɪɵԙɵɡ.
ȿɝɟɪ ԧɧɿɦɧɿԙ Fe(SCN)
3
ԕɚɧ ԕɵɡɵɥ ɬԛɫɿ ԕɚɧɵԕ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ
ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕ ɿɲɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɫɭ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ ɦԧɥɞɿɪ ɬԛɫɤɟ ɚɣɧɚɥԑɚɧɲɚ
ɫԝɣɵɥɬɵԙɵɡ. Ⱥɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿ ɬԧɪɬ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ ɛԧɥɿԙɿɡ.
Ȼɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɵ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɭ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɵ (ԛɥɝɿɥɿ ԧɥɲɟɭɿɲ) ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ
ԕɚɥɞɵɪɵԙɵɡ. Ԕɚɥɚԕɲɚɧɵԙ ԝɲɵɦɟɧ ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɞɵԕ ɤɚɥɢɣ ɪɨɞɚɧɢɞɿɧ KSCN, ԛɲɿɧɲɿɝɟ ɬɟɦɿɪ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿɧ
FeCl
3
, ɚɥ ɬԧɪɬɿɧɲɿɫɿɧɟ ɤɚɥɢɣ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿɧ KCl ԕɨɫɵԙɵɡ.
Ȼɚɪɥɵԕ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪɞɚ ɛɿɪɞɟɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ, ɛɿɪɚԕ ɟɤɿɧɲɿ
ɠԥɧɟ ԛɲɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪɞɚ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧ
ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿԙɿɡ, ɚɥ 4
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ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚ ԧɧɿɦɧɿԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿԙɿɡ.
ȿɤɿɧɲɿ, ԛɲɿɧɲɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɬԧɪɬɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪɞɚԑɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɞɿԙ
ɬԛɫɿɧ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɭ ɷɬɚɥɨɧԑɚ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɩɟɧ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɵԙɵɡ,
ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚԑɵ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɟɩɟ
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ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɿԙ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɬɭɪɚ
ɠԥɧɟ ɤɟɪɿ ɛɚԑɵɬɵɧɚ ɵԑɵɫɭɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚԙɵɡ.
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