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ɌΩɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿΝ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɭɵ.
Ɍԥɠɿɪɢɛɟ ɤɚɥɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ
ԕɨɧɞɵɪԑɵɞɚ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɿɥɟɞɿ (1
-
ɫɭɪɟɬ).
A
–
ɧԝɫԕɚ.
Ɍɟɯɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɬɚɪɚɡɵɞɚ ɟɤɿ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ
ԛɲɿɧ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɡɚɬɬɵԙ ɧɚԕɬɵ ɦԧɥɲɟɪɿɧ, ɹԑɧɢ 8 ɝ ɫɭɫɵɡ ɦɵɫ
ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵɧ CuSO
4
ɠԥɧɟ 10 ɝ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɬɵ CuSO
4`
5H
2
O
ԧɥɲɟɩ ɚɥɵԙɵɡ. Ɉɞɚɧ ɚɪɵ ɲɚɦɚɦɟɧ ԧɥɲɟɧɝɟɧ ɤɚɥɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ
ɵɞɵɫԕɚ 300 ɦɥ H
2
O ɫɭ ԕԝɣɵɩ, ɨɧɵԙ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɫɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚԙɵɡ.
ɋɨɞɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ ɠɵɥɞɚɦ ɠԥɧɟ ɚԕɵɪɵɧ ɤɚɥɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɵɞɵɫԕɚ
ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɭɫɵɡ ɬԝɡ CuSO
4
ɫɚɥɵԙɵɡ. Ⱥɛɚɣɥɚɩ ɛԝɥԑɚɭɵɲɩɟɧ
ɚɪɚɥɚɫɬɵɪɚ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɵԙ ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿɧ ɛɚԕɵɥɚԙɵɡ.
Ⱥɫɚ ɠɨԑɚɪɵ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɞɚԑɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟԙɿɡ. Ɉɫɵɧɞɚɣ
ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿ ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɩɟɧ CuSO
4
5H
2
O ԕɚɣɬɚɥɚɩ
ɠɚɫɚԙɵɡ. ɋɭɫɵɡ ɬԝɡɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬ ɦɵɫ ɫɭɥɶɮɚ
-
ɬɵɧɵԙ ɟɪɭ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟ ɛԧɥɿɧɝɟɧ ɠɵɥɭ ɦԧɥɲɟɪɿɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭ ԛɲɿɧ
ɚɥԑɚɲԕɵ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ɫɭɞɵԙ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɫɵɧ, ɚɥ ɫɨԙԑɵ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚԑɚ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿԙ ɟԙ ɠɨԑɚɪԑɵ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɫɵɧ ɚɥɵԙɵɡ.
ȿɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿԙ ɬɵԑɵɡɞɵԑɵɧ ɛɿɪɝɟ ɬɟԙɞɟɩ ɚɥɵɩ, ɫɨɧɞɚ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿԙ
ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ɠɵɥɭ ɫɵɣɵɦɞɵɥɵԑɵ ɫɭɞɵԙ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ɠɵɥɭ
ɫɵɣɵɦɞɵɥɵԑɵɧɚ ɬɟԙ, ɹԑɧɢ 4,18 10
3
Ⱦɠ/Ʉ ɤɝ. ɋɭɫɵɡ ɬԝɡ
CuSO
4
ɠԥɧɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬ
CuSO
4
5H
2
O ɟɪɭɿɧɿԙ ɠɵɥɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿɧɿԙ
ɬɚɛɵɥԑɚɧ ɦԥɧɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɦɵɫ (II) ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ
ɠɵɥɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɩ ɲɵԑɚɪɵԙɵɡ.
Ȼ
–
ɧԝɫԕɚ
. ɋɭɫɵɡ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɵ ɲɚɦɚɦɟɧ 7ɝ, ɚɥ ɨɧɵԙ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɵ ɲɚɦɚɦɟɧ 300 ɦɥ ɫɭԑɚ 15 ɝ ɛɨɥɭɵ ԕɚɠɟɬ. Ɉɞɚɧ
ɚɪɵ ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟ A
-
ɧԝɫԕɚɫɵɧɞɚ ɠɚɡɵɥԑɚɧ ԥɞɿɫ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ԧɬɤɿɡɿɥɟɞɿ.
3-
ɬΩɠɿɪɢɛɟ.
Ȼɟɣɬɚɪɚɩɬɚɭ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɠɵɥɭ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚԙɵɡ
Ɍɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪ
(ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟ ɧԝɫԕɚ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɚɞɵ):
1)
Ȼɟɣɬɚɪɚɩɬɚɭ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɠɵɥɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚԙɵɡ.
A -
ɧԝɫԕɚ:
ɤԛɲɬɿ ɧɟɝɿɡ NaOH ɠԥɧɟ ɤԛɲɬɿ ԕɵɲԕɵɥ HCl
Ȼ
-
ɧԝɫԕɚ
:
ԥɥɫɿɡ ɧɟɝɿɡ NH
4
OH ɠԥɧɟ ԥɥɫɿɡ ԕɵɲԕɵɥ CH
3
COOH
2)
Ʉԛɲɬɿ ɠԥɧɟ ԥɥɫɿɡ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԙ ɨɧɵԙ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɿɤ
ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵɧɚ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭɞɟ ɛɟɣɬɚɪɚɩɬɚɧɭɞɵԙ ɠɵɥɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿɧ ɟɫɟɩ
-
ɬɟԙɿɡ. Ȼɟɣɬɚɪɚɩɬɚɭɞɵԙ ɠɵɥɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿɧɿԙ ɬɟɨɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɠԥɧɟ
ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟɥɿɤ ɦԥɧɞɟɪɿɧ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɵԙɵɡ ɠԥɧɟ ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿԙ ɫɚɥɵɫ
-
ɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ԕɚɬɟɫɿɧ (%) ɚɧɵԕɬɚԙɵɡ.