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ΘΡɪɚɥɞɚɪ ɠΩɧɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɬɟɪ
. 50-
100 ɦɥ
-
ɥɿɤ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ
ɫɬɚɤɚɧɞɚɪ, ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪ, ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɬɚɪɚɡɵ, ԧɥɲɟɭɿɲ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɥɟɪ,
ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿɧɿԙ (NaOH) ɠԥɧɟ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɵɧɵԙ (NɚNO
3
)
ԕԝɪԑɚԕ ԝɧɬɚԕɬɚɪɵ, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɥɿ ɫɿɪɤɟ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵɧɵԙ CH
3
COOH
ɠԥɧɟ ɷɬɢɥ ɫɩɢɪɬɿɧɿԙ C
2
H
5
OH ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿ.
ɌΩɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿΝ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɭɵ
. ɇԧɦɿɪɥɟɧɝɟɧ ɤɿɲɤɟɧɟ ɬԧɪɬ ɯɢɦɢɹ
-
ɥɵԕ ɫɬɚɤɚɧɞɚɪԑɚ 25 ɦɥ
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ɞɟɧ ɫɭ ԕԝɣɵԙɵɡ. Ⱥɥɞɵɧ
-
ɚɥɚ ɫɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ
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ɬɭɪɚɫɵɧ ԧɥɲɟԙɿɡ. ɋɨɞɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɬɚɤɚɧԑɚ ɲɚɦɚɦɟɧ 2 ɝ
ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿɧ, ɚɥ ɟɤɿɧɲɿɝɟ – 2 ɝ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɵɧ, ԛɲɿɧ
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ɲɿɝɟ – 5 ɦɥ ɫɩɢɪɬ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ, ɚɥ ɬԧɪɬɿɧɲɿɝɟ – 5 ɦɥ ɫɿɪɤɟ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵɧɵԙ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ ԕɨɫɵԙɵɡ (ɬɚɪɬɩɚ ɲɤɚɮɬɚ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɿɥɟɞɿ!).
Ɉɞɚɧ ɚɪɵ ɫɬɚɤɚɧ ɿɲɿɧɞɟɝɿɧ ɚɛɚɣɥɚɩ ɚɪɚɥɚɫɬɵɪɵԙɵɡ, ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɫɵɧ ԧɥɲɟԙɿɡ.
2
-
ɬΩɠɿɪɢɛɟ
.
Ɍԝɡɞɚɪ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ
ɠɵɥɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭ
Ɍɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪ
(ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟ ɧԝɫԕɚ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɿɥɟɞɿ):
1)
ȿɪɭɞɿԙ ɠɵɥɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚԙɵɡ:
A
–
ɧԝɫԕɚ:
ɫɭɫɵɡ ɬԝɡ ɦɵɫ (II) ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵɧɵԙ CuSO
4
ɠԥɧɟ
ɨɧɵԙ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɵɧɵԙ CuSO
4 `
5 H
2
O.
Ȼ
–
ɧԝɫԕɚ:
ɫɭɫɵɡ ɬԝɡ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɵɧɵԙ Na
2
CO
3
ɠԥɧɟ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɵɧɵԙ Na
2
CO
3 `
5H
2
O.
2) 1-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɧɵ ɟɫɤɟɪɟ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ɦɵɫ (II) ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵ C
uSO
4
ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɵ Na
2
CO
3
ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɠɵɥɭ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚԙɵɡ.
3) Ⱥɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɦԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɵԙɵɡ ɠԥɧɟ ɠɨԑɚɪɵɞɚ
ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɬԝɡɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ɠɚɥɩɵ
ɟɪɭɞɿԙ ɠɵɥɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿ ɛɟɥɝɿɫɿ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ԕɨɪɵɬɵɧɞɵ ɠɚɫɚԙɵɡ.
ΘΡɪɚɥɞɚɪ ɠΩɧɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɬɟɪ
. Ʉɚɥɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ ԕɨɧɞɵɪԑɵ,
ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪ, ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɬɚɪɚɡɵ, ԧɥɲɟɭɿɲ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɥɟɪ, ԕɚɬɬɵ
ɫɭɫɵɡ ɬԝɡɞɚɪ, ɦɵɫ (II) ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵ CuSO
4
ɠԥɧɟ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɵ
Na
2
CO
3
ɠԥɧɟ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɬɚɪɵ CuSO
4`
5H
2
O ɠԥɧɟ
Na
2
CO
3`
5H
2
O, ɞɢɫɬɢɥɞɟɧɝɟɧ ɫɭ H
2
O.