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ɬɟɤ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿԙ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɬɿɤ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɿɧɟ, ɬԛɫɤɟ ԑɚɧɚ ɟɦɟɫ, ɫɨɧɞɚɣ
-
ɚԕ,
ɨɧɵԙ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɬɟɪɿɧɟ ɞɟ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɟɞɿ.
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ΙɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵΝ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ Ιɚɫɢɟɬɬɟɪɿ
1)
ɬΡɪɚΙɬɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ΙɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪΕɚ
–
ɚɥɦɚɫɭ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵ ɬΩɧ,
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɢɨɧ ԕԝɪɚɦɵ
ԧɡɝɟɪɦɟɣɞɿ:
4AgNO
3
+ K
4
>
Fe(CN)
6
]
o
Ag
4
>
Fe(CN)
6
]
3
p
+ 4KNO
3
Ʉ
ɌɁ
[Fe(CN)
6
]
4
Ǧ = 1,0 · 10Ǧ
24
2)
ɬΡɪɚΙɫɵɡ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ΙɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪΕɚ
–
ɨɪɵɧɛɚɫɭ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵ ɬΩɧ,
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɢɨɧ ԕԝɪɚɦɵ
ԧɡɝɟɪɟɞɿ:
2
>
Ag(NH
3
)
2
]Cl + Zn
o
2Ag
p
+
>
Zn(NH
3
)
2
]Cl
2
Ʉ
ɌɁ
[Ag(NH
3
)
2
]
+
= 9,3 · 10Ǧ
8
>
Ʉ
ɌɁ
[Zn(NH
3
)
2
]
2+
= 3,4 · 10Ǧ
10
3)
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ΙɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵΝ ɚɣɵɪɵɥɭ (ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿΝ
ɛΡɡɵɥɭɵ) ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵ
– ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿ
ɧɟԑԝɪɥɵɦ ɛɟɪɿɤ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɩɟɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɚɞɵ (ɬɟɩɟ
-
ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɦԥɧɿ ɚɡ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ):
>
ɋ
u(NH
3
)
4
]SO
4
+ Na
2
S
o
CuS
p
+ 4 NH
3
+ Na
2
SO
4
Ʉ
ɌɁ
(
Ʉɂ) = 2,1 · 10
–
13
>
ȿɄ = 3,2 · 10
–
38
ɗɄɋɉȿɊɂɆȿɇɌɌȱɄ ȻԦɅȱɆ
1-
ɬΩɠɿɪɢɛɟ
. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿɤ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵԙ
ɠɿɤɬɟɥɭɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɚɥɵɧɭɵ
Ɍɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪ
(ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿ ɧԝɫԕɚ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɭɝɟ
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ):
1)
Ɇɵɧɚɞɚɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵ ɬԧɪɬ ɛɟɥɝɿɫɿ ɛɨɣɵɧ
-
ɲɚ ɠɿɤɬɟԙɿɡ ɠԥɧɟ ɚɬɚԙɵɡ
:
Ⱥ – ɧԝɫԕɚ
: [Cu(H
2
O)
4
]SO
4
, [Cu(NH
3
)
4
]SO
4
, Na
3
[Cr(OH)
6
],
K[Fe(SCN)
4
]
Ȼ – ɧԝɫԕɚ
: [Co(H
2
O)
6
]Cl
2
, [Cd(NH
3
)
4
]Cl
2
, Na[Al(OH)
4
],
K
2
[Co(SCN)
4
]
2)
ɀɨԑɚɪɵɞɚ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵ
ɚɥɵԙɵɡ
.