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283
3)
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹɞɚɧ ɛɚɣԕɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɪɞɿ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿԙɿɡ
ɠԥɧɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɿɧ ɠɚɡɵԙɵɡ.
4)
Ⱥɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɦԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɿԙɿɡ ɠԥɧɟ ԕɨɪɵɬɵɧɞɵ
ɠɚɫɚԙɵɡ.
ΘΡɪɚɥɞɚɪ ɠΩɧɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɬɟɪ.
Ⱥ – ɧԝɫԕɚ.
ɋɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪ, ɞɢɫɬɢɥɞɟɧɝɟɧ ɫɭ ɇ
2
Ɉ, ɫɭɫɵɡ ɦɵɫ
ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵɧɵԙ CuSO
4
ԝɧɬɚԑɵ, ɦɵɫ (II) ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵɧɵԙ CuSO
4
, ɯɪɨɦ
(III) ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿɧɿԙ CrCl
3
, ɬɟɦɿɪ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿɧɿԙ (III) FeCl
3,
ɤɚɥɢɣ
ɪɨɞɚɧɢɞɿɧɿԙ KSCN, 25 %
-
ɬɿɤ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿɧɿԙ NH
4
OH,
ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿɧɿԙ NaOH ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿ.
Ȼ – ɧԝɫԕɚ.
ɋɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪ, ɞɢɫɬɢɥɞɟɧɝɟɧ ɫɭ ɇ
2
Ɉ, ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬ (I
I)
ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿɧɿԙ ɋɨɋȱ
2
ɫɭɫɵɡ ԝɧɬɚԑɵ, ɤɚɞɦɢɣ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿɧɿԙ CdCl
2
,
ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɣ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿɧɿԙ AlCl
3
, ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿɧɿԙ ɋɨɋȱ
2
, ɤɚɥɢɣ
ɪɨɞɚɧɢɞɿɧɿԙ KSCN, 25 %
-
ɬɿɤ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿɧɿԙ NH
4
OH,
ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿɧɿԙ NaOH ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿ.
ɌΩɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿΝ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɭɵ.
Ⱥ – ɧԝɫԕɚ.
Ɍԧɪɬ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕ ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚԙɵɡ. Ȼɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ
ɲɚɦɚɦɟɧ 1 ɝ CuSO
4
ԝɧɬɚԑɵɧ ɫɚɥɵɩ, ԕɚɥԑɚɧ ԛɲ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ 1
-2
ɦɥ
-
ɞɟɧ CuSO
4
, CrCl
3
, ɠԥɧɟ FeCl
3
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿɧ ԕԝɣɵԙɵɡ. Ⱥɪɵ
ԕɚɪɚɣ ɲɚɦɚɦɟɧ ɛɿɪɞɟɣ ɤԧɥɟɦɞɟ (2 ɦɥ
-
ɞɟɧ) ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ
ɇ
2
Ɉ, ɟɤɿɧɲɿɝɟ
–
NH
4
OH ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ, ԛɲɿɧɲɿɝɟ
–
NaOH
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɬԧɪɬɿɧɲɿɝɟ – KSCN ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ ԕɨɫɵԙɵɡ.
Ȼɿɪɧɟɲɟ ɭɚԕɵɬɬɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɚɥԑɚɲԕɵ ɬԛɫɿɧɿԙ
ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɚɲɵԕ ɬԛɫɤɟ ɛɨɹɥԑɚɧ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵԙ
ɬԛɡɿɥɝɟɧɿɧ ɛɚɣԕɚԙɵɡ: ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚ ɚԕ ɬԛɫɬɟɧ ɤԧɝɿɥɞɿɪ
ɬԛɫɤɟ, ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚ ɤԧɝɿɥɞɿɪɞɟɧ ɚɲɵԕ ɤԧɤɤɟ (ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ɦɵɫ
ɬԝɡɵɧɵԙ (CuOH)
2
SO
4
ɤԧɝɿɥɞɿɪ ɬԝɧɛɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɬɨɥɵԕ ɟɪɿɝɟɧɝɟ
ɞɟɣɿɧ), ɚɥ ԛɲɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚ – ɤԛԙɝɿɪɬ ɤԧɤɬɟɧ ɚɲɵԕ ɠɚɫɵɥԑɚ
ɞɟɣɿɧ (ɚɥԑɚɲԕɵɞɚ ɤԛԙɝɿɪɬ ɤԧɤ ɬԛɫɬɿ ɯɪɨɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿ Cr(Ɉɇ)
3
ɬԝɧɛɚɫɵ ɬɨɥɵԕ ɟɪɿɝɟɧɝɟ ɞɟɣɿɧ); ɬԧɪɬɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚ – ɤԛԙɝɿɪɬ
ɫɚɪɵɞɚɧ ɚɲɵԕ ԕɵɡɵɥ ɬԛɫɤɟ ɞɟɣɿɧ ԧɡɝɟɪɟɞɿ.
Ȼ – ɧԝɫԕɚ.
Ɍԧɪɬ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕ ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚԙɵɡ. Ȼɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ
ɲɚɦɚɦɟɧ 1 ɝ ɋɨɋȱ
2
ԝɧɬɚԑɵɧ ɫɚɥɵɩ, ԕɚɥԑɚɧ ԛɲ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ 1
-
2 ɦɥ
-
ɞɟɧ CdCl
2
, AlCl
3
ɠԥɧɟ ɋɨɋȱ
2
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿɧ ԕԝɣɵԙɵɡ. Ⱥɪɵ ԕɚɪɚɣ
ɲɚɦɚɦɟɧ ɛɿɪɞɟɣ ɤԧɥɟɦɞɟ (2 ɦɥ
-
ɞɟɧ) ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ ɇ
2
Ɉ,
ɟɤɿɧɲɿɝɟ
–
NH
4
OH ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ, ԛɲɿɧɲɿɝɟ
–
NaOH ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ
ɠԥɧɟ ɬԧɪɬɿɧɲɿɝɟ – KSCN ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ ԕɨɫɵԙɵɡ.