Упрощенная HTML-версия
281
Fɟɋl
3
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɞɟ ɬɟɦɿɪ ɢɨɧɵɧɵԙ Fɟ
3+
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ
ɠɨԑɚɪɵ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵ ɫɚɩɚɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɦɟɧ ɬɟɡ ɬɚɛɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ,
Ʉ
3
[Fɟ(ɋN)
6
] ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɞɟ ɚɡ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԑɵ ɫɨɧɲɚɥɵԕɬɵ, ɫɨɥ
ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɬɿ ɟɧɞɿɪɫɟ ɞɟ ɬɚɛɭ ɦԛɦɤɿɧ ɟɦɟɫ.
Fɟɋl
3
+ 3NɚɈɇ
o
Fɟ(Ɉɇ)
3
p
+ 3Nɚɋl
Ʉ
3
[Fɟ(ɋN)
6
] + NɚɈɇ ɬԝɧɛɚ Fɟ(Ɉɇ)
3
ɬԛɫɩɟɣɞɿ.
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ Ιɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵ ɚɥɭ
x
ɚɤɜɚɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɟɪ
–
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿɧɿԙ ɫɭɫɵɡ ɬԝɡɵ + ɫɭ:
CrCl
3
+ 6H
2
O
o >
CrH
2
O)
6
]Cl
3
x
ɚɦɢɧɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɟɪ
–
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿ ɬԝɡɞɵԙ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɨɧɵԙ
ɠɚԙɚ ɬԝɧԑɚɧ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿɧɿԙ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ + ɚɪɬɵԕ ɦԧɥɲɟɪɞɟɝɿ
ɚɦɦɢɚɤ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ (NH
4
OH):
CoSO
4
+ 6NH
4
OH
o >
Co(NH
3
)
6
]SO
4
+ 6H
2
O
ɋ
o(
Ɉɇ
)
2
p
+ 6NH
4
OH
o >
Co(NH
3
)
6
](O
ɇ
)
2
+ 6H
2
O
x
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɟɪ
– ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿ ɬԝɡɞɵԙ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ
ɨɧɵԙ ɠɚԙɚ ɬԝɧԑɚɧ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿɧɿԙ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ + ɚɪɬɵԕ ɦԧɥɲɟɪɞɟɝɿ
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿԙ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ:
BeCl
2
+ 4NaOH
o
Na
2
>
Be(OH)
4
] + 2NaCl;
Be(OH)
2
p
+ 2Na
Ɉɇ
o
Na
2
>
Be(OH)
4
]
x
ɚɰɢɞɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɟɪ
– ԕԝɪɚɦɵɧɞɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿɫɿ ɛɚɪ ɬԝɡ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ + ԕԝɪɚɦɵɧɞɚ ɚɪɬɵԕ ɦԧɥɲɟɪɞɟ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɵɫɵ ɛɚɪ
ɬԝɡ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ:
PbI
2
p
+ 2KI
o
K
2
>
PbI
4
@
Ʉԧɩɬɟɝɟɧ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ ɚɲɵԕ ɛɨɹɥԑɚɧ ɬԛɫɤɟ ɢɟ.
Ȼԝɥ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬԛɡɭɲɿɧɿԙ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɵԕ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɦɟɧ
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ: ɚɭɵɫɩɚɥɵ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɬɟɡ
ɛԝɡɵɥɚɬɵɧ «ɠԝɦɫɚԕ» ԕɚɛɵԑɵ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬԛɡɭɲɿɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɿɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɚɪɵ ɬԛɫɬɿԙ
ɛԧɥɿɝɿɧ ɠԝɬɵɩ, ɠɨԑɚɪɵ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɞɟԙɝɟɣɝɟ ɚɣɧɚɥɚɞɵ.
Ԧɡɿɧɿԙ ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɫɵ ԧɡɚɪɚ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ
– ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬԛɡɭɲɿɧɿԙ ԥɫɟɪɿɧɟɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɨɧɵԙ ɚɣɧɚɥɚɫɵɧɞɚ
ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹɥɚɧԑɚɧ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɟɫɟɛɿɧɟɧ ɤԛɲɟɣɟɞɿ. ɋɨԙԑɵɫɵ