Упрощенная HTML-версия
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ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɫɚɬɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭ (ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ
ɢɨɧɧɵԙ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭɵ) ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɬɚɪɦɟɧ
ɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɞɨɧɨɪɥɵԕ
-
ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɥɵԕ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɬԛɡɟɬɿɧɞɿɤɬɟɧ,
ԛɞɟɪɿɫ ԕɚɣɬɵɦɞɵ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ
: Na
2
>
Zn(OH)
4
] ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɵɧɵԙ ɗȾ
-
ɫɵ
ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɣɵԕ:
Na
2
>
Zn(OH)
4
]
o
2Na
+
+
>
Zn(OH)
4
]
2
–
(1
ɫɚɬɵ
)
>
Zn(OH)
4
]
2
–
l
Zn
2 +
+ 4OH
–
(2-5
ɫɚɬɵɥɚɪ
)
ɋɚɬɵɥɚɧɵɩ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵɧɚ ɬɟԙ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ
ɢɨɧɧɵԙ (Ʉɂ) ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭɵɧɵԙ ɠɚɥɩɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ
ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵɧ ɬԝɪɚԕɫɵɡɞɵԕ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɣɞɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɨɧɵ
Ʉ
ɌɁ
ɞɟɩ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɣɞɿ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ
:
>
Zn(OH)
4
]
2
–
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɢɨɧɵ ԛɲɿɧ:
2
4
4
2
ɌɁ
])OH(Zn[
] OH[] Zn[
Ʉ
Ɍԝɪɚԕɫɵɡɞɵԕ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ (Ʉ
ɌɁ
) ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿɥɟɪ,
ɥɢɝɚɧɞɬɚɪ ɬɚɛɢԑɚɬɵɧɚ ɠԥɧɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹɥɵԕ ɫɚɧ ɦԥɧɿɧɟ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿ.
Ʉ
ɌɁ
ɦԥɧɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
Ʉɂ
ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿɧ
ɛɿɥɭɝɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ: ɨɧɵԙ ɦԥɧɿ
ɧɟԑԝɪɥɵɦ ɬԧɦɟɧ ɛɨɥԑɚɧ ɫɚɣɵɧ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿ ɦɟɧ ɥɢɝɚɧɞ
ɫɨԑԝɪɥɵɦ ɛɟɪɿɤ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɚɞɵ, ɞɟɦɟɤ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɢɨɧ (Ʉɂ) ɛɟɪɿɤ
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
Ȼɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɪɟɬɬɿ Ιɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ
–
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɪ,
ɦɵɫɚɥɵ,
ɫɭɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟɝɿ ɠɚɣ ɬԝɡɞɚɪ ԕɚɪɚɦɚ
-
ԕɚɪɫɵ ɡɚɪɹɞɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɢɨɧɞɚɪԑɚ
ɬɨɥɵԕ ɵɞɵɪɚɭԑɚ ԝɲɵɪɚɣɞɵ, ɚɥ
ɠɨΕɚɪɵ ɪɟɬɬɿ Ιɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ
-
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ΙɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵΝ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɪɿ
– ɛɟɪɿɤ
ɞɨɧɨɪɥɵԕ
-
ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɥɵ
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵԙ
ɛɨɥɭɵ
ɫɚɥɞɚɪɵɧɚɧ
ɛɿɪɬɿɧɞɟɩ ԝɲɵɪɚɣɞɵ.
Ɉɫɵԑɚɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɟɪɿɬɿɧ
-
ɞɿɫɿɧɞɟ, ɬɟɤ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɫɮɟɪɚɧɵԙ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɬԝɬɚɫ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ
ɢɨɧɞɵ ɬɚɛɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɫɬԛɡɭɲɿɧɿԙ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɚɡ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɞɚ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟ ɬɚɛɭ ɤԛɪɞɟɥɿ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ, ԕɚɪɚɩɚɣɵɦ ɬԝɡɞɵԙ Fɟɋl
3
ɠԥɧɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɬԝɡɞɵԙ
Ʉ
3
[Fɟ(ɋN)
6
] ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɫɵ:
Fɟɋl
3
o
Fɟ
3+
+ 3ɋlǦ ;
Ʉ
3
[Fɟ(ɋN)
6
]
o
3Ʉ
+
+ [Fɟ(ɋN)
6
]
3
Ǧ ;
[Fɟ(ɋN)
6
]
3
Ǧ
l
Fɟ
3+
+ 6ɋNǦ