Упрощенная HTML-версия
275
Ʉɟɥɟɫɿ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ԛɲɿɧ CdCl
2
+ Na
2
S
o
CdS
p
+ 2NaCl ɦɵɧɚ
ɠɚԑɞɚɣ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɭɵ ɬɢɿɫ:
ɉԤ (Cd
2+
– ClǦ) < ɉԤ(Cd
2+
–
S
2
Ǧ) ɠԥɧɟ
ɉԤ (Na
+
–
S
2
Ǧ) < ɉԤ (Cd
2+
–
S
2
Ǧ).
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹɞɚԑɵ ԧɧɿɦɞɟɪɞɿԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɫɵɧɞɚ
ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵԙ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɥɿɝɿ (Ȼ) ɠԥɧɟ ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿ ԧɡɚɪɚ
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɵ (ɉ) ɬԝɪԑɵɫɵɧɚɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ ɛɿɪ ɚɡ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ
ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵԙ (ɚɟԕ) ɛɚɫԕɚԑɚ ɚɣɧɚɥɭ ɦԛɦɤɿɧɞɿɝɿɧ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɭɝɟ
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ԕɚɲɚɧɞɚ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɵԙ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ
ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿ ɠɨԑɚɪɵ ɠɚԑɵɧɚ ԕɚɪɚɣ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥɚɬɵɧɞɵԑɵɧ, ɹԑɧɢ,
ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵԙ ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿɥɿɝɿɧɟ ɤɟɪɿ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɞɵԑɵɧ
ɟɫɤɟɪɿɩ: ɚɟԕ ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɥɿɝɿ ɬԛɡɿɥɟɬɿɧ ɚɟԕ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɥɿɝɿɧɟ
ԕɚɪɚԑɚɧɞɚ ɚɡ ɛɨɥɭɵ ɬɢɿɫ.
Ʉɟɥɟɫɿ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ԛɲɿɧ: MnS
p
+ CuCl
2
o
CuS
p
+ MnCl
2
ɦɵɧɚ
ɠɚԑɞɚɣ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɭɵ ɬɢɿɫ: ɉ (Mn – S) > ɉ (Cu – S), ɫԥɣɤɟɫɿɧɲɟ Ȼ
(Mn
– S) < Ȼ (Cu –
S).
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵԙ ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿɥɿɝɿɧ (ɉ) ɟɫɤɟɪɟ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ,
ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɬɟɪɿɫɬɿɥɿɝɿɧɿԙ ɚɣɵɪɦɚɲɵ
-
ɥɵԕɬɚɪɵ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɛɚԑɚɥɚɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧɞɵԑɵɧɚɧ:
ɉ (Ⱥȼ) = ǻɗɌ (Ⱥ
-
ȼ) = ɗɌ (Ⱥ) – ɗɌ (ȼ)
Ɉɫɵɞɚɧ ɬɚɛɚɦɵɡ:
ɉ (Mn – S) = ɗɌ (S) – ɗɌ (Mn) = ɗɌ (2,5) – ɗɌ (1,5) = 1,0;
ɉ
(Cu
–
S) =
ɗɌ
(S)
– ɗɌ
(Cu) =
ɗɌ
(2,5)
– ɗɌ
(1,9) = 0,6.
Ⱦɟɦɟɤ, ɠɨԑɚɪɵɞɚ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɥɚɪ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɚɞɵ.
ɗɄɋɉȿɊɂɆȿɇɌɌȱɄ ȻԦɅȱɆ
1
-
ɬΩɠɿɪɢɛɟ.
Ɂɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɮɢɡɢɤɚɥɵԕ
-
ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ
ԕɚɫɢɟɬɿɧɟ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵԙ ԥɫɟɪɿ
Ɍɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪ:
1)
ɂɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɹɥɵԕ ԥɫɟɪɥɟɫɭ (ɉԤ) ɬԝɪԑɵɫɵɧɚɧ
CdCl
2
ɠԥɧɟ CdO ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɿɥɿɤ
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵԙ ɚɣɵɪɦɚɲɵɥɵԑɵɧ ɞԥɥɟɥɞɟԙɿɡ.
2)
Ⱥɧɵԕɬɚɦɚɥɵԕɬɚԑɵ ɦԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ɟɫɤɟɪɟ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ɫɭɞɚԑɵ
ɤɚɞɦɢɣ ɨɤɫɢɞɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɤɚɞɦɢɣ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿ CdCl
2
ԝɧɬɚԕɬɚɪɵɧɵԙ
ɟɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɝɿɧ, ɛɚɥԕɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɫɵɧ, ɬԛɫɬɟɪɿɧ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɵԙɵɡ: