Упрощенная HTML-версия
276
S 20
0C
CdCl
2
= 90ɝ (ɠɚԕɫɵ ɟɪɢɞɿ), S
20
0C
CdO< 1ɝ (ɚɡ ɟɪɢɞɿ);
ɛɚɥԕɭ t. CdCl
2
= 565
0
C, ɛɚɥԕɭ t. CdO> 900
0
ɋ;
CdCl
2
– ɚԕ ԝɧɬɚԕ, CdO – ԕɵɡɵɥ ԕɨԙɵɪ ԝɧɬɚԕ.
3)
Ɂɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɮɢɡɢɤɚɥɵԕ
-
ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɿɧɟ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵԙ
ԥɫɟɪɿ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ԕɨɪɵɬɵɧɞɵ ɠɚɫɚԙɵɡ.
ΘΡɪɚɥɞɚɪ ɠΩɧɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɬɟɪ
.
ɋɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪ, ɤɚɞɦɢɣ ɯɥɨɪɢ
-
ɞɿɧɿԙ CdCl
2
ɚԕ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɞɵ ԝɧɬɚԑɵ, ɤɚɞɦɢɣ ɨɤɫɢɞɿɧɿԙ CdO
ԕɵɡɵɥ
-
ԕɨԙɵɪ ɚɦɨɪɮɬɵ ԝɧɬɚԑɵ, ɞɢɫɬɢɥɞɟɧɝɟɧ ɫɭ ɇ
2
Ɉ.
ɌΩɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿΝ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɭɵ.
ȿɤɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕ ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚԙɵɡ, ɛɿɪɟɭɿ
-
ɧɟ ɲɚɦɚɦɟɧ 1ɝ ɤɚɞɦɢɣ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿɧɿԙ CdCl
2
ԝɧɬɚԑɵɧ ɫɚɥɵԙɵɡ, ɚɥ
ɟɤɿɧɲɿɝɟ ɫɨɧɞɚɣ ɦԧɥɲɟɪɞɟ ɤɚɞɦɢɣ ɨɤɫɢɞɿɧ CdO ɫɚɥɵԙɵɡ. ȿɤɿ
ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ ɞɚ ɲɚɦɚɦɟɧ 5 ɦɥ
-
ɞɟɣ ɫɭ ԕԝɣɵԙɵɡ. ɋɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚԑɵ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɞɿ ɠɚԕɫɵɥɚɩ ɲɚɣԕɚԙɵɡ ɠԥɧɟ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɫɭɞɚ ɟɪɭɿɧ
ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɵԙɵɡ.
2
-
ɬΩɠɿɪɢɛɟ.
Ɂɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɟɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɝɿɧɟ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ԥɫɟɪɿ
Ɍɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪ:
1)
Ɇɵɧɚɞɚɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɩɨɥɹɪɥɵԑɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚԙɵɡ:
CuSO
4
, I
2
, H
2
O, C
6
H
6
.
2) CuSO
4
ɠԥɧɟ I
2
, H
2
O ɠԥɧɟ C
6
H
6
ɚɪɚɥɚɪɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɟɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɤɬɿ
ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɵԙɵɡ.
3)
ȿɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɤɬɿԙ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɛɚɣԕɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɪɿɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿԙɿɡ.
4)
Ⱥɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɦԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɿԙɿɡ ɠԥɧɟ ԕɨɪɵɬɵɧɞɵ
ɠɚɫɚԙɵɡ.
ΘΡɪɚɥɞɚɪ ɠΩɧɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɬɟɪ.
ɋɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪ, ɦɵɫ ɫɭɥɶɮɚ
-
ɬɵɧɵԙ
CuSO
4
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɞɵ ԝɧɬɚԑɵ, ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɞɵԕ ɣɨɞ I
2
, ɞɢɫɬɢɥ
-
ɞɟɧɝɟɧ ɫɭ H
2
O, ɛɟɧɡɨɥ C
6
H
6
.
ɌΩɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿΝ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɭɵ.
ȿɤɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕ ɚɥɵɩ, ɟɤɟɭɿɧɟ ɞɟ 1
-2
ɦɥ
-
ɞɟɧ ɫɭ H
2
O ɨɧɵԙ ԛɫɬɿɧɟ ɛɟɧɡɨɥ C
6
H
6
ԕԝɣɵԙɵɡ. Ȼɿɪ
-
ɛɿɪɿɦɟɧ
ɚɪɚɥɚɫɩɚɣɬɵɧ ɟɤɿ ɫԝɣɵԕɬɵԕɬɵԙ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚ ɞԧԙɝɟɥɟɤ ɛԧɥɿɤɬɿԙ
ɬԛɡɿɥɝɟɧɿɧ ɛɚɣԕɚԙɵɡ. Ɍԧɦɟɧɝɿ ԕɚɛɚɬ H
2
O (
ȡ=1ɝ/ɦɥ), ɚɥ ɠɨԑɚɪɵ
ԕɚɛɚɬ C
6
H
6
(
ȡ=0,88 ɝ/ɦɥ).