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ȻɟɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɚɥɵΙ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɞɿΝ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ Ιɚɫɢɟɬɬɟɪɿ
Ȼɟɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɞɿ ԕɵɲԕɵɥԑɚ ɠԥɧɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɟ
ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ԛɲ ɬɨɩԕɚ ɠɿɤɬɟɣɞɿ: ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ, ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ
ɠԥɧɟ ɚɦɮɨɬɟɪɥɿ.
ΘɵɲΙɵɥɞɵΙ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪ
(ɨɤɫɨԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪ) ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪɦɟɧ
ɠԥɧɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɦɟɧ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɟɞɿ, ɛɿɪɚԕ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪɦɟɧ
ɠԥɧɟ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ ɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɦɟɧ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɩɟɣɞɿ.
*ɄΟɲɬɿ ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɚɪ ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪɦɟɧ Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɟɞɿ, ɚɥ
Ωɥɫɿɡ ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɚɪ – ɬɟɤ ɫɿɥɬɿɥɟɪɦɟɧ Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɟɞɿ.
HNO
3
+ NaOH ĺ H
2
O + NaNO
3
2HNO
3
+ Zn(OH)
2
ĺ 2H
2
O + Zn(NO
3
)
2
HNO
2
+ NaOH ĺ H
2
O + NaNO
2
HNO
2
+ Zn(OH)
2
HNO
3
+ H
2
SO
3
HNO
3
+ SO
2
ɇɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪ
(ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪ) ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪɦɟɧ ɠԥɧɟ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ ɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɦɟɧ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɟɞɿ, ɛɿɪɚԕ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪɦɟɧ ɠԥɧɟ
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɦɟɧ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɩɟɣɞɿ.
*
ɄΟɲɬɿ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪ ɛɚɪɥɵΙ ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɚɪɦɟɧ Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɟɞɿ, ɚɥ
Ωɥɫɿɡ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪ ɬɟɤ ɤΟɲɬɿ ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɚɪɦɟɧ Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɟɞɿ.
2NaOH + H
2
SO
4
ĺ 2H
2
O + Na
2
SO
4
2NaOH + H
2
SO
3
ĺ 2H
2
O + Na
2
SO
3
Ni(OH)
2
+ H
2
SO
4
ĺ 2H
2
O + NiSO
4
Ni(OH)
2
+ H
2
SO
3
NaOH + Ni(OH)
2
NaOH + NiO
Ⱥɦɮɨɬɟɪɥɿɤ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪ
(ɚɦɮɨɥɢɬɬɟɪ) ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ
-
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ɟɤɿ ɠɚԕɬɵɥɵԕ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ, ɨɥɚɪ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪɦɟɧ ɠԥɧɟ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ ɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɦɟɧ ɧɟɝɿɡ ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ, ɚɥ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪɦɟɧ ɠԥɧɟ
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɦɟɧ – ԕɵɲԕɵɥ ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɟɞɿ. Ⱥɦɮɨɥɢɬ
-
ɬɟɪ ɤԛɲɬɿ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪ ɦɟɧ ɫɿɥɬɿɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿɧɞɟ ԑɚɧɚ ɟɪɢɞɿ.
2Al(OH)
3
+ 3H
2
SO
4
ĺ 6H
2
O + Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
2Al(OH)
3
+ 3SO
3
ĺ 3H
2
O + Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
(TĹ)
2Al(OH)
3
+ 3NaOH (
ɟɪ
-
ɞɿ) ĺ
Na[Al(OH)
4
]
Al(OH)
3
+ NaOH (
ԕɚɬɬɵ) ĺ NaAlO
2
+ 2H
2
O (TĹ)
2Al(OH)
3
+ Na
2
O (
ԕɚɬɬɵ) ĺ 2NaAlO
2
+ 3H
2
O (TĹ)
17
–
3/129-15