Стр. 256 - ДЛЯ ППС

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256
ȱȱ. Ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɞɿ ɚɥɭ ɠɨɥɞɚɪɵ
Ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪ, ɫɭɞɚ ɠɚԕɫɵ ɟɪɢɞɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ
ɫɭɞɚԑɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿ ɨɤɫɨԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԙ ɤԛɲɿɧɟ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɤԛɲɬɿ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ԥɥɫɿɡ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ ɨɪɬɚɧɵ ɬԛɡɭɝɟ ԕɚɛɿɥɟɬɬɿ.
Ⱥɥɭ ɠɨɥɞɚɪɵ
x
ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɵΝ ɨɤɫɢɞɿ ɦɟɧ ɫɭɞɵΝ Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɿ
P
2
O
5
+ 3H
2
O ĺ 2H
3
PO
4
CO
2
+ H
2
O ĺ H
2
CO
3
* ɋɭɞɚ ɚɡ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ ɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɞɟɧ (
SiO
2
, WO
3
,
MoO
3
, Sb
2
O
3
, As
2
O
3
) ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɞɿ ɚɥɭԑɚ
ɛɨɥɦɚɣɞɵ.
x
Ωɥɫɿɡ ɨɤɫɨΙɵɲΙɵɥ ɬΡɡɵɦɟɧ ɤΟɲɬɿ ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɵΝ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɬɿɪɭ
Na
2
SO
3
+ 2HCl ĺ 2NaCl + SO
2
Ĺ + H
2
O
* ɨɫɵ ԥɞɿɫɩɟɧ ԥɥɫɿɡ, ԝɲԕɵɲ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɚɡ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ɨɤɫɨԕɵɲ
-
ԕɵɥɞɚɪɞɵ ɚɥɚɞɵ.
ȱȱȱ. Ԥɥɫɿɡ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ɠԥɧɟ ɚɦɮɨɬɟɪɥɿɤ
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɞɿ ɚɥɭ ɠɨɥɞɚɪɵ
Ԥɥɫɿɡ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ɠԥɧɟ ɚɦɮɨɬɟɪɥɿɤ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪ ɫɭɞɚ ɚɡ ɟɪɢɞɿ
ɠԥɧɟ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɫɭɞɚԑɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿ ԥɥɫɿɡ ɫɿɥɬɿɥɿɤ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ԥɥɫɿɡ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ ɨɪɬɚ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ.
ɇɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɚɥɭ ɠɨɥɞɚɪɵ:
x
Ωɥɫɿɡ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ɬΡɡ ɛɟɧ ɫɿɥɬɿ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɿΝ Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɿ
NiCl
2
+ 2NaOH ĺ Ni(OH)
2
p
+ 2NaCl
AlCl
3
+ 3NaOH ĺ Al(OH)
3
p
+ 3NaCl
Ɉɪɬɚɧɵ ɫɭɬɟɝɿ (ɇ
+
) ɠԥɧɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ (ɈɇǦ) ɫɟɡɟɬɿɧ ɠԥɧɟ
ɨɪɬɚԑɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ԧɡɿɧɿԙ ɬԛɫɿɧ ԧɡɝɟɪɬɟɬɿɧ ԕɨɫɩɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ
-
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɥɚɪɵ ɤԧɦɟɝɿɦɟɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɣɞɵ.
ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ Ԕɵɲԕɵɥ ɨɪɬɚ Ȼɟɣɬɚɪɚɩ ɨɪɬɚ ɋɿɥɬɿɥɿɤ ɨɪɬɚ
ɮɟɧɨɥɮɬɚɥɟɢɧ
ɬԛɫɫɿɡ
ԕɵɡԑɵɥɬ
ɬɚԙԕɭɪɚɣ ɬԛɫɬɿ
ɥɚɤɦɭɫ
ԕɵɡɵɥ
ɤԛɥɝɿɧ
ɤԧɤ
ɦɟɬɢɥɨɪɚɧɠ
ԕɵɡɵɥ
ԕɵɡԑɵɥɬ ɫɚɪɵ
ɫɚɪɵ
ԥɦɛɟɛɚɩ ԕɚԑɚɡ
ԕɵɡɵɥ
ɫɚɪɵ
ɤԧɤ