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ɌΩɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿΝ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɭɵ.
Ԛɲ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕ ɚɥɵɩ, ɚɥɞɵɦɟɧ
ɚɥԑɚɲԕɵ ɟɤɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ 1
-
2 ɦɥ
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ɞɟɧ ɬԝɡ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿɧ, ɹԑɧɢ, ɬɟɦɿɪ
ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿɧ FeCl
3,
ɚɥ ԛɲɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɵɧ
NaHCO
3
ԕԝɣɵԙɵɡ
.
ɋɨɞɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ 1
-
2 ɦɥ
-
ɞɟɧ ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ ɤɚɥɢɣ ɪɨɞɚɧɢ
-
ɞɿɧɿԙ KSCN, ɟɤɿɧɲɿɝɟ – NaOH ɫɿɥɬɿɫɿɧɿԙ, ɚɥ ԛɲɿɧɲɿɝɟ – ɬԝɡ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵɧɵԙ HCl (ɋɈ
2
ɝɚɡɵɧɵԙ ɤԧɩɿɪɲɿɤɬɟɪɿ ɛԧɥɿɧɝɟɧɲɟ)
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿɧ ԕɨɫɵԙɵɡ. Ɉɞɚɧ ɚɪɵ ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ ɲɚɦɚɦɟɧ 2ɝ
ɤɚɥɢɣ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿɧɿԙ KCl ԝɧɬɚԑɵɧ ɫɚɥɵɩ, ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɬԛɫɿɧɿԙ
ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ԕɚɥɩɵɧɚ ɤɟɥɝɟɧɿɧ ɛɚɣԕɚԙɵɡ.
3
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ɬΩɠɿɪɢɛɟ.
ɗɧɞɨɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɠԥɧɟ ɷɤɡɨɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵԕ
ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪ
Ɍɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪ:
1)
Ɇɵɧɚɞɚɣ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɵ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɿԙɿɡ ɠԥɧɟ
ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɬɢɩɿɧ ɠɵɥɭɞɵԙ ɛԧɥɿɧɭɿ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɫɿԙɿɪɿɥɭɿ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɤɿɲɿ
ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɚɧɵԕɬɚԙɵɡ (ɠɵɥɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿɧɿԙ ɬɚԙɛɚɫɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ):
CaO + H
2
O ĺ Ca(OH)
2
NaHCO
3
+ H
2
O ļ NaOH + CO
2
Ĺ +H
2
O
2)
ɀɨԑɚɪɵɞɚ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɚɧ ɛɚɣԕɚɥɚɬɵɧ
ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɪɞɿ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿԙɿɡ.
3)
Ⱥɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɦԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɿԙɿɡ ɠԥɧɟ ԕɨɪɵɬɵɧɞɵ
ɠɚɫɚԙɵɡ.
ΘΡɪɚɥɞɚɪ ɠΩɧɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɬɟɪ.
ɋɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪ, ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪ,
ɲɵɧɵ ɬɚɹԕɲɚ, ɞɢɫɬɢɥɞɟɧɝɟɧ ɫɭ, ɤɚɥɶɰɢɣ ɨɤɫɢɞɿɧɿԙ CaO ɠԥɧɟ
ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɵɧɵԙ NaHCO
3
(ɚɫ ɫɨɞɚɫɵ) ԝɧɬɚԕɬɚɪɵ.
ɌΩɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿΝ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɭɵ.
ȿɤɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕ ɚɥɵɩ, ɲɚɦɚɦɟɧ 2ɝ
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ɧɚɧ ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿɝɟ – ɤɚɥɶɰɢɣ ɨɤɫɢɞɿɧɿԙ CaO ԝɧɬɚԑɵɧ, ɚɥ ɟɤɿɧɲɿɝɟ –
ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɵɧɵԙ NaHCO
3
ԝɧɬɚԑɵɧ ɫɚɥɵԙɵɡ. ɋɨɞɚɧ
ɤɟɣɿɧ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ԛɫɬɿɧɟ 10 ɦɥ ɛԧɥɦɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ
ɞɢɫɬɢɥɞɟɧɝɟɧ ɫɭɞɵ H
2
O ԕԝɣɵɩ, ɲɵɧɵ ɬɚɹԕɲɚɦɟɧ ɚɪɚɥɚɫ
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ɬɵɪɵԙɵɡ, ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪɞɿԙ ɤԧɦɟɝɿɦɟɧ (ɟɪɿɝɟɧɝɟ ɞɟɣɿɧ ɠԥɧɟ
ɟɪɿɝɟɧɧɟɧ
ɤɟɣɿɧ)
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɫɵɧɵԙ
ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿɧ
ɛɚԕɵɥɚԙɵɡ.