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ɌΩɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿΝ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɭɵ.
ɄɈɇ ɫɿɥɬɿɫɿɧ ɚɥɭ ԛɲɿɧ ɛɚɧɤɚɞɚԑɵ
ɫɿɥɬɿɥɿ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɤɚɥɢɣɞɿԙ ɤɿɲɤɟɧɬɚɣ ɤɟɫɟɝɿɧ ɩɢɧɰɟɬɩɟɧ ɚɥɵɩ,
ɚɛɚɣɥɚɩ ɫɭɵ ɛɚɪ ɮɚɪɮɨɪ ɬɚɛɚԕɲɚԑɚ ɫɚɥɵԙɵɡ.
ɒɚɛɵɬɬɵ ɠԛɪɟɬɿɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵ ɛɚɣԕɚԙɵɡ. Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɚɹԕɬɚɥ
-
ԑɚɧɞɚ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ ɛɚɪ ɬɚɛɚԕɲɚԑɚ ɮɟɧɨɥɮɬɚɥɟɢɧɧɿԙ ɛɿɪɧɟɲɟ
ɬɚɦɲɵɫɵɧ ɬɚɦɵɡɵԙɵɡ ɠԥɧɟ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɞɵԙ ɬԛɫɿɧɿԙ ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿɧ
ɛɚԕɵɥɚԙɵɡ. Ԕɚɥԑɚɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɵ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɭ ԛɲɿɧ, ԛɲ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕ
ɚɥɵɩ, ɲɚɦɚɦɟɧ 1
-
2 ɦɥ ɞɟɧ, ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿɝɟ – ԕɨɪԑɚɫɵɧ ɚɰɟɬɚɬɵɧɵԙ
(CH
3
COO)
2
Pb, ɟɤɿɧɲɿɝɟ – ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɬɢɨɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵɧɵԙ Na
2
S
2
O
3
ɠԥɧɟ
ԛɲɿɧɲɿɝɟ ɦɵɫ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵɧɵԙ CuSO
4
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿɧ ԕԝɣɵԙɵɡ. Ɉɞɚɧ
ɤɟɣɿɧ 1
-
2 ɦɥ ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ ɤɚɥɢɣ ɢɨɞɢɞɿ KI ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ,
ɟɤɿɧɲɿɝɟ – ɤԛɤɿɪɬ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵɧɵԙ
H
2
SO
4
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ ԕԝɣɵԙɵɡ, ɚɥ
ԛɲɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ
2-
3 ɦɵɪɵɲ (Zn) ɬԛɣɿɪɿɧ ɫɚɥɵԙɵɡ.
Ȼɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚ ԕɨɪԑɚɫɵɧ ɢɨɞɢɞɿɧɿԙ PbI
2
ɚɲɵԕ ɫɚɪɵ ɬԛɫɬɿ
ɬԝɧɛɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɬԛɡɿɥɝɟɧɿɧ, ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚ ԥɥɫɿɡ ɨɩɚɥɟɫɰɟɧɰɢɹ
(ɤԧɝɿɥɞɿɪ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿ) ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɵɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɨɞɚɧ ɚɪɵ ɛɨɫ ɤԛɤɿɪɬɬɿԙ
S ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿɧɟɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿԙ ɥɚɣɥɚɧɭɵɧ, ɚɥ ԛɲɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚ – ɦɵɫ
Cu
2+
ɢɨɧɵɧɵԙ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɦɵɫԕɚ Cu ɞɟɣɿɧ ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɭɵɧɚɧ
ɦɵɪɵɲ (Zn) ɬԛɣɿɪɿ ɛɟɬɿɧɿԙ ԕɚɪɚɸɵɧ ɛɚԕɵɥɚԙɵɡ.
2-
ɬΩɠɿɪɢɛɟ.
Ԕɚɣɬɵɦɞɵ ɠԥɧɟ ԕɚɣɬɵɦɫɵɡ
ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪ
Ɍɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪ:
1)
Ɇɵɧɚɞɚɣ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɵ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɿԙɿɡ ɠԥɧɟ
ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɬɢɩɿɧ ԕɚɣɬɵɦɞɵɥɵԕ ɛɟɥɝɿɫɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɚɧɵԕɬɚԙɵɡ:
FeCl
3
+ 3KSCN ļ Fe(SCN)
3
+ 3KCl
FeCl
3
+ 3NaOH ĺFe(OH)
3
Ļ + 3NaCl
NaHCO
3
+ HCl ĺ NaCl + CO
2
Ĺ +H
2
O
NaHCO
3
+ HCl ĺ NaCl + CO
2
Ĺ + H
2
O
2)
ɀɨԑɚɪɵɞɚ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɚɧ ɛɚɣԕɚɥɚɬɵɧ
ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɪɞɿ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿԙɿɡ
.
3)
Ⱥɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɦԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɿԙɿɡ ɠԥɧɟ ԕɨɪɵɬɵɧɞɵ
ɠɚɫɚԙɵɡ.
ΘΡɪɚɥɞɚɪ ɠΩɧɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɬɟɪ
.
ɋɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪ, ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɞɵ
ɤɚɥɢɣ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿ KCl (ԝɧɬɚԕ), ɬɟɦɿɪ (ȱȱȱ) ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿɧɿԙ FeCl
3
, ɤɚɥɢɣ
ɪɨɞɚɧɢɞɿɧɿԙ KSCN, ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɵɧɵԙ NaHCO
3
, ɬԝɡ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵɧɵԙ HCl, ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿɧɿԙ NaOH ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿ.