Упрощенная HTML-версия
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4
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ɬΩɠɿɪɢɛɟ.
Ɋɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪ ɦɟɧ ԧɧɿɦɞɟɪɞɿԙ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɬɨɬɵԑɭ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɥɟɪɿɧɿԙ
ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿɦɟɧ ɠԛɪɟɬɿɧ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪ
Ɍɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪ:
1)
Ɇɵɧɚɞɚɣ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɵ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɿԙɿɡ ɠԥɧɟ
ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪ ɦɟɧ ԧɧɿɦɞɟɪɞɿԙ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ
ɬɨɬɵԑɭ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɥɟɪɿɧɿԙ ԧɡɝɟɪɭ ɛɟɥɝɿɫɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɬɢɩɿɧ
ɚɧɵԕɬɚԙɵɡ:
2FeCl
3
+2KCl ĺ 2FeCl
2
+ I
2
+ 2KCl
Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl ĺ 2NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2
Ĺ
2)
ɀɨԑɚɪɵɞɚ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɚɧ ɛɚɣԕɚɥɚɬɵɧ
ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɪɞɿ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿԙɿɡ.
3)
Ⱥɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɦԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɿԙɿɡ ɠԥɧɟ ԕɨɪɵɬɵɧɞɵ
ɠɚɫɚԙɵɡ.
ΘΡɪɚɥɞɚɪ ɠΩɧɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɬɟɪ.
ɋɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪ, ɬɟɦɿɪ (ȱȱȱ)
ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿɧɿԙ FeCl
3
, ɤɚɥɢɣ ɢɨɞɢɞɿɧɿԙ KI, ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɵɧɵԙ
Na
2
CO
3
ɠԥɧɟ ɬԝɡ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵɧɵԙ HCl ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿ.
ɌΩɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿΝ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɭɵ.
ȿɤɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕ ɚɥɵɩ, ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ
ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ 1
-
2 ɦɥ ɬɟɦɿɪ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿɧɿԙ FeCl
3
, ɚɥ ɟɤɿɧɲɿɝɟ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ
ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɵɧɵԙ Na
2
CO
3
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿɧ ԕԝɣɵԙɵɡ. ɋɨɞɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ
ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ ɨɫɵɧɞɚɣ ɦԧɥɲɟɪɞɟ ɤɚɥɢɣ ɢɨɞɢɞɿɧɿԙ KI
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ ԕɨɫɵɩ, ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿԙ ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɬԛɫɿɧɿԙ ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿɧ
ɛɚԕɵɥɚԙɵɡ, ɚɥ ɟɤɿɧɲɿɝɟ ɬԝɡ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵɧɵԙ HCl ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ ɤԧɦɿɪ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥ ɝɚɡɵɧɵԙ CO
2
ɤԧɩɿɪɲɿɤɬɟɪɿ ɛԧɥɿɧɝɟɧɲɟ ԕԝɣɵԙɵɡ.
5-
ɬΩɠɿɪɢɛɟ
. Ƚɨɦɨɝɟɧɞɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɞɿ
ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪ
Ɍɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪ:
1)
Ɇɵɧɚɞɚɣ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɵ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɿԙɿɡ ɠԥɧɟ
ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɬɢɩɿɧ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪ ɦɟɧ ԧɧɿɦɞɟɪɞɿԙ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɬɵԕ ɤԛɣɿ
ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɚɧɵԕɬɚԙɵɡ:
Zn + H
2
SO
4
ĺ ZnSO
4
+ H
2
Ĺ
2NaOH + H
2
SO
4
ĺ Na
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O