Упрощенная HTML-версия
193
¾
ɟɝɟɪ ɫɭɬɟɤ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ (H
+
)
ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɫɚ
,
ɨɧɞɚ
ɌɌɊ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ ɨɪɬɚɞɚ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ
(H
2
SO
4
);
¾
ɟɝɟɪ ɫɭɬɟɤ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ (H
+
) ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ԧɧɿɦɿ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɫɚ,
ɨɧɞɚ ɌɌɊ ɫɿɥɬɿɥɿɤ ɨɪɬɚɞɚ (KOH, NaɈɇ) ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɛɟɣɬɚɪɚɩ ɨɪɬɚɞɚ
(H
2
O) ɠԛɪɟɞɿ; ɦԝɧɞɚɣ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɞɿԙ ɟɤɿ ɠɚԑɵɧɚ ɞɚ ɫɚɧɞɵԕ
ɬԝɪԑɵɞɚ H
+
ɢɨɧɵɧɚ ɬɟԙ Ɉɇ
Ǧ
ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧ ԕɨɫɚɞɵ.
ɋɭɬɟɤ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ (H
+
) ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɬɵɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ
ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɌɌɊ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ ɨɪɬɚɞɚ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ.
6) Ⱥɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɢɨɧɞɵ
-
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɵԕ ɬɟԙɞɟɭ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɵԕ ɬɟԙɞɟɭ ԕԝɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɞɵ:
¾
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɫԝɥɛɚɫɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɢɨɧɞɚɪ ԕɚɧɞɚɣ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɞɚɧ
ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧɞɵԑɵɧ
ɚɧɵԕɬɚɣɞɵ:
ɚɧɢɨɧɞɚɪԑɚ
ɤɚɬɢɨɧɞɚɪ ԕɨɫɚɞɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɤɟɪɿɫɿɧɲɟ;
¾
ԕɚɠɟɬɬɿɥɿɤɤɟ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ԕɚɥԑɚɧ ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɵɧ
ɌɌɊ ɨԙ ɠɚԑɵɧɚ ɠɟɬɿɫɩɟɣɬɿɧ ɛԧɥɲɟɤɬɟɪɞɿ ԕɨɫɭ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ
ɬɟԙɟɫɬɿɪɟɞɿ.
5NaNO
2
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 3H
2
SO
4
5NaNO
3
+ 2MnSO
4
+ K
2
SO
4
+ 3H
2
O
11.3 ʊʊʇ ʾ˛˕˙˲ˑʺ ˬ˖ʺ˕ ʺ˘˙˦˲ ˟ʲˊ˘˓˕ˏʲ˕
Ɍɨɬɵԑɭ
-
ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɭ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɠԛɪɭɿɧɟ ɤɟɥɟɫɿ
ɠɚԑɞɚɣɥɚɪ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɟɞɿ:
ɊɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵΝ ɠΟɪɭ ɨɪɬɚɧɵΝ ɫɢɩɚɬɵ
MnO
4
Ǧ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ ɨɪɬɚɞɚ Mn
2+
–ɞɟɣɿɧ (ɚ), ɛɟɣɬɚɪɚɩ ɨɪɬɚɞɚ
MnO
2
–ɞɟɣɿɧ (ɛ), ɚɥ ɫɿɥɬɿɥɿɤ ɨɪɬɚɞɚ MnO
4
2
Ǧ
–ɞɟɣɿɧ (ɜ)
ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɚɞɵ:
(
ɚ
) 5NaNO
2
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 3H
2
SO
4
5NaNO
3
+ 2MnSO
4
+ K
2
SO
4
+ 3H
2
O
(
ɛ
) NaNO
2
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 2KOH NaNO
3
+ 2K
2
MnO
4
+ H
2
O
(
ɜ
) 3NaNO
2
+ 2KMnO
4
+ H
2
O 3NaNO
3
+ 2MnO
2
+ 2KOH
ɊɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿΝ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ
* H
2
SO
4
(
ɫԝɣɵɬ
.)
+ Cu ;
2H
2
SO
4
(ɤɨɧɰ.) + Cu
CuSO
4
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
13
–
3/129-15