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ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹΕɚ Ωɫɟɪ ɟɬɟɬɿɧ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɥɚɪ
ȿɪɿɝɟɧ ɡɚɬɬɵΝ ɬɚɛɢΕɚɬɵ
.
ȿɪɿɝɟɧ ɡɚɬɬɵԙ ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿɥɿɝɿɧɿԙ
ɚɪɬɭɵ ɨɧɵԙ ɫɭɞɚԑɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɤԛɲɟɣɟɞɿ ɠԥɧɟ
ɤɟɪɿɫɿɧɲɟ. Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ ɦɵɧɚ ԕɚɬɚɪɞɚ: Naɋ1
ɇɋ1
H
2
ɡɚɬɬɵԙ
ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿɥɿɝɿɧɿԙ ɤɟɦɭɿ ɨɧɵԙ ɟɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɝɿɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿ ɟɪɿɬɤɿɲ
ԥɫɟɪɿɧɟɧ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭ ԕɚɛɿɥɟɬɿɧ ɬԧɦɟɧɞɟɬɟɞɿ.
ȿɪɿɬɤɿɲɬɿΝ ɬɚɛɢΕɚɬɵ.
ȿɪɿɬɤɿɲɬɿԙ ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿɥɿɝɿ ɦɟɧ
ɞɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɥɿɤ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵɥԑɵɧɵԙ ɚɪɬɭɵ ɟɪɿɝɟɧ ɡɚɬɬɵԙ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ
ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɤԛɲɟɣɟɞɿ. ɇɚɬɪɢɣ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿ (Naɋ1) ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿ
ɟɪɿɬɤɿɲɬɟ (ɫɭɞɚ) ɠɚԕɫɵ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɚɞɵ, ɚɥ ɩɨɥɸɫɫɿɡ
ɟɪɿɬɤɿɲɬɟ (ɛɟɧɡɨɥɞɚ) ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɛɚɣɞɵ; ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿ
(ɋɨɋ1
2
)
ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭɵ ɫɩɢɪɬɤɟ ( = 27,8) ԕɚɪɚԑɚɧɞɚ ɫɭɞɚ
ɠɚԕɫɵ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ (
= 81).
ɈɪɬɚɧɵΝ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɫɵ
.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚ
-
ɰɢɹɧɵԙ ԛɞɟɪɿɫɿ ɷɧɞɨɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ: Ʌɟ ɒɚɬɟɥɶɟ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɿɧɟ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ, ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿ ԕɵɡɞɵɪɭ (Ɍ ) ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ
ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɤԛɲɟɣɟɞɿ, ɚɥ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿ ɫɭɵɬɭ (Ɍ ), ɤɟɪɿɫɿɧɲɟ,
ԥɥɫɿɪɟɬɟɞɿ. Ʉɟɣɛɿɪ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɪ ԛɲɿɧ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɵԙ
ɠɨԑɚɪɵɥɚɭɵɦɟɧ ɛԝɥ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿɥɿɤ ɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥ ɟɦɟɫ,
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ԧɬɟɞɿ (60º ɋ).
ȿɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿΝ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ
.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɤɟɦɭɿ (ɫ ) ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿɧ
ɚɪɬɬɵɪɚɞɵ (Į
).
Ȼԝɥ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿ ɫԝɣɵɬԕɚɧɞɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɢɨɧɞɚɪ
ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɚɪɚ ԕɚɲɵԕɬɵԕɬɵԙ ɚɪɬɭɵɦɟɧ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɿɥɟɞɿ, ɫԥɣ
-
ɤɟɫɿɧɲɟ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɞɚԑɵ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭ ɦԛɦɤɿɧɞɿɝɿ
ɤɟɦɢɞɿ.
Ԥɥɫɿɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿԙ ɫԝɣɵɬɵɥԑɚɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ ԛɲɿɧ ɛԝɥ ɬԥɭɟɥ
-
ɞɿɥɿɤ
ɈɫɬɜɚɥɶɞɬɵΝ ɫΡɣɵɥɬɭ ɡɚΝɵɦɟɧ
ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɥɚɞɵ:
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿ
ɧɟΕΡɪɥɵɦ ɫΡɣɵɬɵɥΕɚɧ ɫɚɣɵɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟɝɿ Ωɥɫɿɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿΝ
ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭ ɞΩɪɟɠɟɫɿ ɠɨΕɚɪɵ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ
:
Į = ¥ Ʉ
ɞɢɫ
/ɫ
ɠɚɥɩɵ