Упрощенная HTML-версия
165
HCl + n H
2
Ɉ
H
3
Ɉ
+
+ Cl Ǧ
n H
2
Ɉ
9.2-
ɫɭɪɟɬ – ɋɭɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟɝɿ ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫԕɚɧ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿԙ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭɵ
Ԕɵɲԕɵɥ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ ɫɭɬɟɝɿ
ɢɨɧɵ ԕԝɪɚɦɵ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ɝɢɞɪɚɬ ɬԛɡɟɞɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɭɞɵԙ ɬɟɤ (
H
3
Ɉ
+
)
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɨɧɢɣ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɛɿɪ ԑɚɧɚ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɫɵɧ ԝɫɬɚɩ ԕɚɥɚɞɵ:
9.3-
ɫɭɪɟɬ
. Ƚɢɞɪɨɤɫɨɧɢɣ ɢɨɧɵɧɵԙ ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿ
ɋɭ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɫɵɧɞɚ ɫɭɬɟɝɿ ɢɨɧɵɧɵԙ (ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪ) ɨɬɬɟɝɿ ɢɨɧɵɧɚ
(ɞɨɧɨɪ) ԕɨɫɵɥɭɵ ɞɨɧɨɪɥɵԕ
-
ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɥɵԕ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
ɠԛɪɟɞɿ (9.3
-
ɫɭɪɟɬ).
Ɉɫɵɧɞɚɣ ɢɨɧɞɚ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹɥɵԕ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ԧɬɟ ɛɟɪɿɤ,
ɫɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟ (
ɇ
+
) ɫɭɬɟɤ ɢɨɧɵ ɟɦɟɫ (
H
3
Ɉ
+
) ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɨɧɢɣ
ɢɨɧɵ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
Ƚɢɞɪɚɬɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧ ԕɵɫԕɚɲɚ ɠɚɡɭ
ԛɲɿɧ ɫɭ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɫɵɧ ɠɚɡɛɚɣɞɵ.
ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ,
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ
– ɫɭɞɵΝ ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɵ ɦɟɧ ɟɪɿɝɟɧ ɡɚɬɬɵΝ Ωɫɟɪɥɟɫɭɿ ɧΩɬɢɠɟɫɿɧɞɟ
ɝɢɞɪɚɬɬɚɥΕɚɧ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɞɵΝ ɬΟɡɿɥɭ Οɞɟɪɿɫɿ.
9.3 ʝɮ ˛ʹʺ˕˲˖˲ˑʺ ˬ˖ʺ˕ ʺ˘ʺ˘˲ˑ ˟ʲˊ˘˓˕ˏʲ˕
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ԛɞɟɪɿɫɿɧɿԙ (Į , Ʉ
Ⱦ
) ɤԛɲɟɸɿ
ɧɟɦɟɫɟ (Į , Ʉ
Ⱦ
) ԥɥɫɿɪɟɭɿ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɟɩɟ
-
ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɿԙ ɵԑɵɫɭ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɿ – Ʌɟ ɒɚɬɟɥɶɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɿɦɟɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
ɧɟɦɟɫɟ