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137
ɞ) ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɢɨɧɧɵΝ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɫɵ:
[Cu(NH
3
)
4
]
2+
(ɟɪ)
l
Cu
2+
(ɟɪ) + 4NH
3
(ɟɪ)
>
@
>
@
>
@
2
4 3
4
3
2
ɌɁ
) NH(Cu
NH Cu
K
ɟ) ɫɭɞɚ ɚɡ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ΙɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɵΝ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ
ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɫɵ:
ȼɚSO
4
(ɬԝɧɛɚ)
l
ȼɚ
2+
(ɟɪ) + SɈ
4
2
Ǧ (ɟɪ)
;
ȿɄ = [Ba
2+
] [SO
4
2
Ǧ]
7.5 ʊʺ˔ʺ-˘ʺ˒ʹ˲ˊ˘˲˒ ˩ʸ˩˖˙˩.
ʁʺ ʘʲ˘ʺˏ˪ʺ ˔˕ˆˑˢˆ˔˲
Ɍɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɿԙ ɵԑɵɫɭɵ
Ʌɟ ɒɚɬɟɥɶɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɿɦɟɧ
ɚɧɵԕ-
ɬɚɥɚɞɵ:
ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟΝɞɿɤɬɟ ɬΡɪΕɚɧ ɠΟɣɟɧɿΝ ɠɚΕɞɚɣɵɧɚ Ωɫɟɪ ɟɬɫɟ
(ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ, Ιɵɫɵɦ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɚɪΙɵɥɵ), ɨɧɞɚ ɯɢɦɢɹ-
ɥɵΙ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟΝɞɿɤ Ωɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɠɚΕɞɚɣɞɵ ɚɡɚɣɬɭ ɛɚΕɵɬɵɧɚ
Ιɚɪɚɣ ɵΕɵɫɚɞɵ.
x
ɁɚɬɬɚɪɞɵΝ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɵΝ ΫɡɝɟɪɭɿɧɿΝ Ωɫɟɪɿ
(ɫ)
ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɦɚɫɫɚɥɚɪ ɡɚԙɵɦɟɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɥɚɞɵ: ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɠԛɣɟɞɟɝɿ
ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧ ɚɪɬɬɵɪɫɚ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ
ԧɧɿɦɞɟɪɞɿԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧ ɚɡɚɣɬɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɬɭɪɚ ɠԛɪɟɬɿɧ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ ɚɪɬɚɞɵ, ɫԥɣɤɟɫɿɧɲɟ, ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɨԙԑɚ
ɵԑɵɫɚɞɵ; ɚɥ ɤɟɪɿɫɿɧɲɟ, ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧ
ɚɡɚɣɬɫɚ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ԧɧɿɦɞɟɪɞɿԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧ ɚɪɬɬɵɪɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ
ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɫɨɥԑɚ ɵԑɵɫɚɞɵ.
x
ΘɵɫɵɦɧɵΝ ΫɡɝɟɪɭɿɧɿΝ Ωɫɟɪɿ
(Ɋ)
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɠԛɪɭ
ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɝɚɡ ɬԛɪɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɤԧɥɟɦɞɟɪɿɧɿԙ ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿɦɟɧ
ɚɧɵԕɬɚɥɚɞɵ (
ǻn
): ԕɵɫɵɦɞɵ ɚɪɬɬɵɪɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɪɟɚɤ-
ɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɠԛɪɭ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ ɝɚɡɞɵԙ ɤԧɥɟɦɿɧɿԙ ɚɡɚɹɬɵɧ (
ǻn < 0
)
ɠɚԑɵɧɚ ԕɚɪɚɣ ɵԑɵɫɚɞɵ, ɚɥ ɤɟɪɿɫɿɧɲɟ, ԕɵɫɵɦɞɵ ɚɡɚɣɬɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ
ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɠԛɪɭ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ ɝɚɡɞɵԙ ɤԧɥɟɦɿɧɿԙ
ɚɪɬɚɬɵɧ (
ǻn > 0
) ɠɚԑɵɧɚ ԕɚɪɚɣ ɵԑɵɫɚɞɵ.
x
ɌɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɵΝ ΫɡɝɟɪɭɿɧɿΝ Ωɫɟɪɿ
(Ɍ)
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɠɵɥɭ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿɦɟɧ (
ǻǾ
) ɚɧɵԕɬɚɥɚɞɵ: ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɵ ɚɪɬɬɵɪɫɚ, ɬɟɩɟ-
ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɷɧɞɨɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵԕ ԛɞɟɪɿɫ (
ǻǾ>0
) ɛɚԑɵɬɵɧɚ ԕɚɪɚɣ ɵԑɵɫɚɞɵ,
ɚɥ ɤɟɪɿɫɿɧɲɟ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɵ ɬԧɦɟɧɞɟɬɫɟ, ɨɧɞɚ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ
ɷɤɡɨɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵԕ ԛɞɟɪɿɫ (
ǻǾ<0
) ɛɚԑɵɬɵɧɚ ԕɚɪɚɣ ɵԑɵɫɚɞɵ.