Упрощенная HTML-версия
138
Ʉɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ
(kt)
ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɿԙ ɵԑɵɫɭɵɧɚ ԥɫɟɪ
ɟɬɩɟɣɞɿ, ɬɟɤ ɬɭɪɚ ɠԥɧɟ ɤɟɪɿ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚ ɠԛɪɟɬɿɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɞɚ ɬɟɩɟ-
ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɨɪɧɚɭɵɧ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɚɬɚɞɵ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ:
Ʌɟ ɒɚɬɟɥɶɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɿɧ ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɵɩ, ɬԧɦɟɧɞɟɝɿ
ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɠԛɣɟ ԛɲɿɧ ɬɭɪɚ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɿԙ
ɵԑɵɫɭ ɛɚԑɵɬɵɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿԙɿɡ:
N
2 (ɝ)
+ 3ɇ
2 (ɝ)
l
2Nɇ
3 (ɝ)
+ 92 ɤȾɠ
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɿԙ ɨԙԑɚ ɵԑɵɫɭɵ ԛɲɿɧ ɬɭɪɚ ɪɟɚɤ-
ɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵɧ ɚɪɬɬɵɪɭ ԕɚɠɟɬ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɫԥɣɤɟɫɿɧɲɟ, ɤɟɪɿ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵɧ ɤɟɦɿɬɭ ԕɚɠɟɬ. Ȼԝɥ ɦɵɧɚ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ
ɠԛɪɟɞɿ:
¾
N
2
ɠԥɧɟ
ɇ
2
ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧ ɚɪɬɬɵɪԑɚɧɞɚ
ɧɟɦɟɫɟ
Nɇ
3
ԧɧɿɦɧɿԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧ ɤɟɦɿɬɤɟɧɞɟ
(ɤɨɧɰɟɧ-
ɬɪɚɰɢɹɧɵΝ Ωɫɟɪɿ);
¾
ԕɵɫɵɦɞɵ ɚɪɬɬɵɪԑɚɧɞɚ, ɫɟɛɟɛɿ: ǻn= 2
–
4 =
–
2 < 0
(ΙɵɫɵɦɧɵΝ Ωɫɟɪɿ)
;
¾
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɵ ɤɟɦɿɬɤɟɧɞɟ, ɫɟɛɟɛɿ ɬɭɪɚ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚԑɵ ɷɤɡɨ-
ɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ
ǻǾ < 0
(ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɵΝ Ωɫɟɪɿ).
ȽɅɈɋɋȺɊɂɃ
Ⱥɤɬɢɜɬɟɧɞɿɪɭ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵ
(ȿ
Ⱥ
)
– ɡɚɬ ɛԧɥɲɟɝɿɧɿԙ ɯɢɦɢɹ-
ɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɠԛɪɭɿɧɟ ɤɟɪɟɤɬɿ ɟԙ ɤɿɲɿ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɦԧɥɲɟɪɿ.
Ⱥɪɪɟɧɢɭɫ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿ –
ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɚɤɬɢɜɬɟɧɞɿɪɭ ɷɧɟɪ-
ɝɢɹɫɵɧ ɟɫɤɟɪɟɬɿɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵɧɵԙ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚԑɚ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿɥɿɝɿɧɿԙ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿ.
Ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɦɚɫɫɚɥɚɪ ɡɚԙɵ
– ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɞɚ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɞɟɝɿ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɟ ɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥ.
ȼɚɧɬ-Ƚɨɮɮ ɟɪɟɠɟɫɿ
– ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɵ ԥɪɛɿɪ 10 ɝɪɚɞɭɫԕɚ
ɤԧɬɟɪɝɟɧ ɫɚɣɵɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ 2-4 ɟɫɟ ɠɨԑɚɪɵɥɚɣɞɵ.
Ƚɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɞɿ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡ
– ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɞɵԙ ԕɚɬɵɫɭɵɦɟɧ ɛɚɫ-
ɬɚɩԕɵ ɝɚɡ ɬɟɤɬɟɫ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɫԝɣɵԕ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪ ԕɚɬɬɵ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ
ɛɟɬɿɧɞɟ ԧɡɚɪɚ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɟɬɿɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ.
Ƚɨɦɨɝɟɧɞɿ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡ
–
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɞɵԙ ԕɚɬɵɫɭɵɦɟɧ ɛɚɫ-
ɬɚɩԕɵ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪ ɦɟɧ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɛɿɪ ɮɚɡɚɞɚ (ɝɚɡ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ
ɫԝɣɵԕ) ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ.
Ƚɭɥɶɞɛɟɪɝ ɩɟɧ ȼɚɚɝɟ ɟɪɟɠɟɫɿ
– ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ
ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɤɟ ɬɟԙ
ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɲɿ ɡɚɬɬɚɪ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɟ ɬɭɪɚ
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥ.