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ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɟ ԕɚɬɵ-
ɧɚɫɵ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ
ɲɚɦɚ.
Ɍɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧɟ ԕɚɬɬɵ ɮɚɡɚɥɵ,
ɫɨɧɵɦɟɧ ԕɚɬɚɪ, ɚɪɬɵԕ ɦԧɥɲɟɪɞɟ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɫԝɣɵԕɬɵԕɬɚɪɞɵԙ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɥɚɪɵɧ, ɨɥɚɪ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ɲɚɦɚ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚ-
ɬɵɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ԕɨɫɩɚɣɞɵ. Ɍɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ ԕɨɪɲɚԑɚɧ ɨɪɬɚ
ɦɟɧ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɬɚɛɢԑɚɬɵɧɚ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿ, ɛɿɪɚԕ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ ɦɟɧ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɞɵԙ ԕɚɬɵɫɭɵɧɚ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿ ɟɦɟɫ.
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟΝɞɿɤ
ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵɧɵΝ ɮɢɡɢɤɚɥɵΙ
ɦɚΕɵɧɚɫɵ
–
ɬɭɪɚ ɠΟɪɟɬɿɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵΕɵ ɤɟɪɿ ɠΟɪɟɬɿɧ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵΕɵɧɚɧ ɧɟɲɟ ɟɫɟ ɚɪɬɵΙ ɟɤɟɧɞɿɝɿɧ ɤΫɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ.
Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚ ɦԥɧɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤɤɟ ɠɟɬɤɟɧɝɟ ɞɟɣɿɧɝɿ
ԛɞɟɪɿɫɬɿԙ ɠԛɪɭ ɬɟɪɟԙɞɿɝɿɧ ɛɿɥɭɝɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ:
ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟΝɞɿɤ
ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ ɠɨΕɚɪɵ ɛɨɥΕɚɧ ɫɚɣɵɧ, ɛɚɫɬɚɩΙɵ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵΝ
Ϋɧɿɦɝɟ ɚɣɧɚɥɭ ɞΩɪɟɠɟɫɿ ɠɨΕɚɪɵ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ
:
x
ɟɝɟɪ
Ʉ < 1
, ɨɧɞɚ
X
ɬɭɪɚ
<
X
ɤɟɪɿ
– ɠԛɣɟɞɟ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ
ɫɨɥԑɚ ԕɚɪɚɣ ɵԑɵɫɚɞɵ, ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ
ԧɧɿɦɞɟɪɞɿԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɚɧ ɚɪɬɵԕ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ;
x
ɟɝɟɪ
Ʉ > 1
, ɨɧɞɚ
X
ɬɭɪɚ
>
X
ɤɟɪɿ
– ɠԛɣɟɞɟ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ
ɨԙԑɚ ԕɚɪɚɣ ɵԑɵɫɚɞɵ, ԧɧɿɦɞɟɪɞɿԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ
ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɚɧ ɚɪɬɵԕ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ;
x
ɟɝɟɪ
Ʉ = 1
, ɨɧɞɚ
X
ɬɭɪɚ
=
X
ɤɟɪɿ
– ɠԛɣɟ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤԛɣɞɟ
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ ɦɟɧ ԧɧɿɦɞɟɪɞɿԙ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɥɚɪɵ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟΝɞɿɤɬɿΝ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɫɵ
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤɨɧɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ Ƚɢɛɛɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɦɟɧ
ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɬɟԙɞɟɭ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ:
¨G =
-
2,3 RT lg K.
Ȼԝɥ
ɬɟԙɞɟɭɞɟɧ:
x
ɟɝɟɪ
Ʉ = 1
, ɨɧɞɚ
¨G = 0
ɠԛɣɟ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤԛɣɞɟ
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ;