Стр. 134 - ДЛЯ ППС

134

7.4 ʒˆːˆˮˏ˩ˌ ˘ʺ˔ʺ-˘ʺ˒ʹ˲ˊ.

ʊʺ˔ʺ-˘ʺ˒ʹ˲ˊ ˊ˓ˑ˖˘ʲˑ˘ʲ˖˩

ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ԝԑɵɦɵ ԕɚɣɬɵɦɞɵ, ɹԑɧɢ ɛɿɪ ɦɟɡɝɿɥɞɟ

ɟɤɿ ԕɚɪɚɦɚ-ԕɚɪɫɵ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚ ɠԛɪɟɬɿɧ (ɬɭɪɚ ɠԥɧɟ ɤɟɪɿ) ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪԑɚ

ԑɚɧɚ ɬԥɧ.

Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ:

N

2

(ɝ) + 3ɇ

2

(ɝ)

l

2Nɇ

3

(ɝ)

ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟΝɞɿɤ ɨɪɧɚɭ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɪɿ

x

ɬɭɪɚ ɠΩɧɟ ɤɟɪɿ ɛɚΕɵɬɬɚ ɠΟɪɟɬɿɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪ ɛɿɪɞɟɣ

ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵΙɬɚ ɠΟɪɟɬɿɧɞɿɤɬɟɧ, ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟΝɞɿɤ ΙɨɡΕɚɥ-

ɦɚɥɵ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ;

x

ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟΝɞɿɤ ɠɚΕɞɚɣɞɚ Ιɚɣɬɵɦɞɵ ɠΟɣɟɞɟɝɿ ɛɚɪɥɵΙ

ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵΝ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ Ϋɡɝɟɪɿɫɫɿɡ Ιɚɥɚɞɵ;

x

Ωɪɛɿɪ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟΝɞɿɤ

ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɧɵΝ, ɬɟɦɩɟ-

ɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɵΝ ɠΩɧɟ ΙɵɫɵɦɧɵΝ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɛɿɪ ɦΩɧɿɧɞɟ ɨɪɧɚɣɞɵ

.

Ƚɢɩɨɬɟɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ԕɚɣɬɵɦɞɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɦɵɡ:

mȺ + nȼ

l

pɋ + qȾ

ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɨɪɧɚԑɚɧ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ:

X

ɬɭɪɚ

=

X

ɤɟɪɿ

, ɹԑɧɢ

X

ɬɭɪɚ

= k

1

· [A]

m

· [B]

n

,

X

ɤɟɪɿ

= k

2

· [C]

p

· [D]

q

ɦԝɧɞɚԑɵ [A], [B], [C], [D] – ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙ ɦɨɥɶɞɿɤ

ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ (ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ); m, n, p, q – ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧɞɟɝɿ

ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɬɟɪ; k

1

, k

2

– ɬɭɪɚ ɠԥɧɟ ɤɟɪɿ

ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɥɚɪɵ.

k

1

· [A]

m

· [B]

n

= k

2

· [C]

p

· [D]

q

ɟɤɟɧɞɿɝɿɧ ɟɫɤɟɪɟ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ɛԝɥ

ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɿ ɦɵɧɚ ɬԛɪɝɟ ɤɟɥɬɿɪɟɦɿɡ:

> @ > @

const

K

k

B A

D C

2

1

n

m

q

p

Ȼԝɥ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ԧɥɲɟɦ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ,

«Ʉ» ԥɪɩɿɦɟɧ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɧɟɞɿ.

Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ԧɧɿɦɞɟɪɿ ɦɟɧ ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧ-

ɬɪɚɰɢɹɥɚɪɵ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ

ɦɚɫɫɚɧɵΝ Ωɫɟɪ ɟɬɭ ɡɚΝɵɦɟɧ

ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɥɚɞɵ: ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɬɟɪɿ ɞԥɪɟɠɟ ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ

ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ ԧɧɿɦɞɟɪɞɿԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɥɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɿԙ

ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɬɟɪɿ ɞԥɪɟɠɟ ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ