Упрощенная HTML-версия
103
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɢɨɧɧɵԙ ɗȾ
-
ɫɵ ԕɚɣɬɵɦɞɵ ɛɨɥɭɵɧɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ,
ɛԝɥ ɠԛɣɟɞɟ ɫɚɧɞɵԕ ɬԛɪɞɟ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɟɩɟ
-
ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵɦɟɧ
ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɟɩɟ
-
ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɨɪɧɚɣɞɵ. ɋɚɬɵɥɚɧɵɩ
ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵɧɚ ɬɟԙ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɢɨɧɧɵԙ (Ʉɂ)
ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭɵɧɵԙ ɠɚɥɩɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵɧ
ɬԝɪɚԕɫɵɡɞɵԕ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɣɞɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɨɧɵ
Ʉ
ɬɡ
ɞɟɩ
ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɣɞɿ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ
:
>
Zn(OH)
4
]
2
–
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɢɨɧɵ ԛɲɿɧ:
2
4
4
2
ɌɁ
])OH(Zn[
] OH[] Zn[
Ʉ
Ɍԝɪɚԕɫɵɡɞɵԕ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ (Ʉ
ɬɡ
) ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿɥɟɪ, ɥɢɝɚɧɞ
-
ɬɚɪ ɬɚɛɢԑɚɬɵɧɚ ɠԥɧɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹɥɵԕ ɫɚɧ ɦԥɧɿɧɟ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿ. Ʉ
ɬɡ
ɦԥɧɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
Ʉɂ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿɧ
ɛɿɥɭɝɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ:
ɨɧɵΝ ɦΩɧɿ
ɧɟΕΡɪɥɵɦ ɬΫɦɟɧ ɛɨɥΕɚɧ ɫɚɣɵɧ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬΟɡɭɲɿ ɦɟɧ ɥɢɝɚɧɞ
ɫɨΕΡɪɥɵɦ ɛɟɪɿɤ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɚɞɵ, ɞɟɦɟɤ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɢɨɧ (Ʉɂ) ɛɟɪɿɤ
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ
.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ
:
Ʉ
>
Ag
(ɋ
N)
2
]; Ʉ
ɬɡ
(Ʉɂ) = 1
10
–
21
(I);
Ʉ
>
ɋ
u
(ɋ
N)
2
]; Ʉ
ɬɡ
(Ʉɂ)
= 1
10
–
24
(II).
ɋԥɣɤɟɫɿɧɲɟ
, (II
) Ʉɂ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿ
(I)
Ʉɂ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿɧɟɧ ɠɨԑɚɪɵ
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
5.5 ɼ˓ː˔ˏʺˊ˖˘˲ ˌ˓˖˩ˏ˩˖˘ʲ˕ʹ˩˒ ˌʲ˖ˆʺ˘˘ʺ˕˲
ʾˬˑʺ ˓ˏʲ˕ʹ˩˒ ʲˏ˩ˑ˙˩
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ Ιɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵ ɚɥɭ
1)
ɚɤɜɚɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɟɪ –
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿɧɿԙ ɫɭɫɵɡ ɬԝɡɵ + ɫɭ:
CuSO
4
+ 4H
2
O
o >
Cu(H
2
O)
4
]SO
4
2)
ɚɦɢɧɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɟɪ –
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿ ɬԝɡɞɵԙ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ
ɨɧɵԙ ɠɚԙɚ ɬԝɧԑɚɧ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿɧɿԙ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ + ɚɪɬɵԕ ɦԧɥɲɟɪɞɟɝɿ
ɚɦɦɢɚɤ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ (NH
4
OH):
CuSO
4
+ 4NH
4
OH
o >
Cu(NH
3
)
4
]SO
4
+ 4H
2
O
ɋu(Ɉɇ)
2
p
+ 4NH
4
OH
o >
Cu(NH
3
)
4
](Oɇ)
2
+ 4H
2
O