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ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɬɚɪ ɦɟɧ ɨɪɬɚɥɵԕ ɚɬɨɦ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ
ԕɚɛɵɫɭɵ ɧԥɬɢɠɟɫɿɧɞɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɵԕ ɛԝɥɬɬɚɪɵɧɵԙ
ԕɚɛɵɫɭɵ ɠɨԑɚɪɵ ɛɨɥԑɚɧ ɫɚɣɵɧ, ɵɞɵɪɚɭ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɦԥɧɿ
ɚɪɬɚɞɵ.
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɛɨɹɭɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɧɟԑԝɪ
-
ɥɵɦ ɬԧɦɟɧɝɿ ɛɨɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɞɟԙɝɟɣɞɟɧ ɧɟԑԝɪɥɵɦ ɠɨԑɚɪԑɵ
ɛɨɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɞɟԙɝɟɣɝɟ ɤԧɪɿɧɟɬɿɧ ɠɚɪɵԕ ɤɜɚɧɬɵɧɵԙ ɠԝɬɵ
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ɥɭɵ ɟɫɟɛɿɧɟɧ ɚɭɵɫɚɬɵɧɞɵԑɵɦɟɧ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɿɥɟɞɿ. Ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵԙ
ɠԝɬɵɥɭ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɿɧ ɛɿɥɭ ɵɞɵɪɚɭ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭԑɚ ɦԛɦɤɿɧɞɿɤ
ɛɟɪɟɞɿ.
Ʉɟɣɛɿɪ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɬɚɪ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɛɨɫ
ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɿ ɛɨɥɭɵ ɦԛɦɤɿɧ (Ɋɇ
3
, H
2
S). Ɇԝɧɞɚɣ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ ɞɨɧɨɪɥɵ
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ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɥɵԕ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɬɚɪ ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪ ԕɵɡɦɟɬɿɧ,
ɚɥ ɛԧɥɿɧɛɟɝɟɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɵԕ ɠԝɩɬɚɪɵ ɛɚɪ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿ ɞɨɧɨɪ
ԕɵɡɦɟɬɿɧ ɚɬԕɚɪɚɬɵɧ ԕɨɫɵɦɲɚ (ɞɚɬɢɜɬɿ) ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɬԛɡɿɥɟɞɿ. Ɉɧɵԙ
ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿԙ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿɧ ɚɪɬɬɵɪɚɞɵ.
5.4 ɼ˓ː˔ˏʺˊ˖˘˲ ˌ˓˖˩ˏ˩˖˘ʲ˕ʹ˩˒
˫ˏʺˊ˘˕˓ˏˆ˘˘˲ˊ ʹˆ˖˖˓ˢˆʲˢˆˮ˖˩
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ – ɛɟɣɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɪ, ɫɭɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹԑɚ ԝɲɵɪɚɦɚɣɞɵ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ
:
>
Zn(NH
3
)
2
Cl
2
];
>
Co(NH
3
)
3
(NO
2
)
3
].
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ Ιɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ
– ɫɭɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟ ɫɚɬɵɥɚɩ ɞɢɫɫɨ
-
ɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɚɬɵɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɪ:
x
ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɚɬɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɿɲɤɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɫɮɟɪɚɥɚɪԑɚ ɞɢɫɫɨ
-
ɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɚɞɵ; ɫɮɟɪɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵԙ ɬɚɛɢԑɚɬɵ
ɢɨɧɞɵԕ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɛԝɥ ԛɞɟɪɿɫ ԕɚɣɬɵɦɫɵɡ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ;
x
ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɫɚɬɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭ (ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɢɨɧɧɵԙ
ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭɵ) ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɬɚɪɦɟɧ ɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɿ
ɠԥɧɟ ɞɨɧɨɪɥɵ
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ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɥɵԕ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɬԛɡɟɬɿɧɞɿɤɬɟɧ, ԛɞɟɪɿɫ ԕɚɣ
-
ɬɵɦɞɵ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ
: Na
2
>
Zn(OH)
4
] ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɵɧɵԙ ɗȾ
-
ɫɵ
ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɣɵԕ:
Na
2
>
Zn(OH)
4
]
o
2Na
+
+
>
Zn(OH)
4
]
2
–
(1 ɫɚɬɵ)
>
Zn(OH)
4
]
2
–
l
Zn
2 +
+ 4OH
–
(2-5
ɫɚɬɵɥɚɪ)