Упрощенная HTML-версия
104
3)
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɟɪ
– ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿ ɬԝɡɞɵԙ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ
ɨɧɵԙ ɠɚԙɚ ɬԝɧԑɚɧ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿɧɿԙ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ + ɚɪɬɵԕ ɦԧɥɲɟɪɞɟɝɿ
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿԙ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ:
CrCl
3
+ 6NaOH
o
Na
3
>
Cr(OH)
6
] + 3NaCl
Cr(OH)
3
p
+ 3NaɈɇ
o
Na
3
>
Cr(OH)
6
]
4)
ɚɰɢɞɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɟɪ
– ԕԝɪɚɦɵɧɞɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿɫɿ ɛɚɪ
ɬԝɡ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ + ԕԝɪɚɦɵɧɞɚ ɚɪɬɵԕ ɦԧɥɲɟɪɞɟ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɚɫɵ
ɛɚɪ ɬԝɡ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ:
PbI
2
p
+ 2KI
o
K
2
>
PbI
4
@
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ΙɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵΝ Ιɚɫɢɟɬɬɟɪɿ
1)
ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪԑɚ
–
ɚɥɦɚɫɭ ɪɟɚɤ
-
ɰɢɹɫɵ ɬΩɧ,
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɢɨɧ ԕԝɪɚɦɵ
ԧɡɝɟɪɦɟɣɞɿ:
4FeCl
3
+ 3K
4
>
Fe(CN)
6
]
o
Fe
4
>
Fe(CN)
6
]
3
p
+ 12KCl
2)
ɬԝɪɚԕɫɵɡ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪԑɚ
–
ɨɪɵɧɛɚɫɭ ɪɟɚɤ
-
ɰɢɹɫɵ ɬΩɧ,
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɢɨɧ ԕԝɪɚɦɵ ԧɡ
-
ɝɟɪɟɞɿ:
2
>
Ag(NH
3
)
2
]Cl + Zn
o
2Ag
p
+
>
Zn(NH
3
)
2
]Cl
2
3)
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ΙɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵΝ ɚɣɵɪɵɥɭ (ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿΝ
ɛΡɡɵɥɭɵ) ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵ
– ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿ
ɧɟԑԝɪɥɵɦ ɛɟɪɿɤ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɩɟɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɚɞɵ (ɬɟɩɟ
-
ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɦԥɧɿ ɚɡ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ):
>
ɋd(NH
3
)
4
]SO
4
+ Na
2
CO
3
o
CdCO
3
p
+ 4NH
3
+ Na
2
SO
4
Ʉ
ɬɡ
(Ʉɂ) = 7,6 · 10
–
8
> ȿɄ = 2,5 · 10
–
14
ȽɅɈɋɋȺɊɂɃ
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɲɿ
– ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɵԙ ɿɲɤɿ ɫɮɟɪɚ
-
ɫɵɧɵԙ ɨɪɬɚɥɵԕ ɚɬɨɦɵ (ɹԑɧɢ ɹɞɪɨɫɵ), ɨɥ – ɛɨɫ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɿ ɛɚɪ
ɚɭɵɫɩɚɥɵ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɢɨɧɵ.
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ
– ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɞɵԕ ɬɨɪɞɵԙ ɬԛɣɿɧ
-
ɞɟɪɿɧɞɟ ɤԛɪɞɟɥɿ ɛԧɥɲɟɤɬɟɪ ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫɚɞɵ, ɛɿɪ ɚɬɨɦɧɵԙ (ɧɟɦɟɫɟ