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Lecture 12: The Theory of leading biotechnological processes in food
quality
Plan:
1. Modern trends in biotechnology, characteristic
2. Genetic engineering, direction, characteristics
3. Bioethics and its importance at the present stage
In recent years, attention is paid to the development of a wide range of
high technology - is biotechnology, information technology, laser technology
and microelectronic - which belongs to the revolutionary role on the path of
humanity from an industrial (man-made) to the post-industrial civilization as a
human, information - computer.
Modern biotechnology. Biotechnology is based on the use of living
organisms and biological processes in industrial production. On the basis of
biotechnology mastered mass production of artificial proteins, nutritional and
many other substances. Successfully develop microbiological synthesis of
enzymes, vitamins, amino acids, antibiotics, etc. It is of practical interest in the
synthesis of other biologically active substances -.. Hormones and compounds
that stimulate the immune system - using modern genetic engineering
techniques, and natural biological materials.
To increase the food is very important artificial substances containing
proteins needed for vital functions of living organisms. Thanks to the major
advances of biotechnology are being produced on an industrial scale a whole
range of man-made nutrients in many properties superior products of natural
origin.
Modern methods of biotechnology enable to transform huge quantities of
waste vegetable product residues into valuable nutritious proteins. Such methods
include the process of hydrolyzing the intermediate product - the pulp - with
subsequent neutralization of the resulting salt and glucose administration. The
glucose solution is a nutrient substrate organisms - yeast. The result of the
activity of microorganisms formed light - brown powder - high quality food
product containing about 50% protein - raw and various vitamins. A breeding
ground for yeast can serve as solutions containing sugar, such as molasses bard
and sulphite liquor produced in the manufacture of pulp.
Certain types of fungi can transform oil, fuel oil, natural gas, biomass in
food rich in proteins. Of the 100 tons of crude oil with the help of fungi can get
10 tons of yeast biomass containing pure protein 5t, 90t diesel. The same yeast
can be obtained from 50 tons of dry wood, or 30 thousand. sq. m. natural gas.
For the production of this protein would require a herd of cows from 1000 heads,
and for their maintenance needs huge areas of arable land.
Automated industrial production of proteins, and the rate of growth of
yeast cultures to a thousand times higher than in cattle. Thus, 1t nutritional yeast
allows to produce about 800 kg of pork, 1.5 - 2.5 tons of poultry or 15-30
thousand eggs, and thus save up to 5 tons of grain..
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