Упрощенная HTML-версия
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4.5 ʂ˓ˏʺˊ˙ˏʲʲ˕ʲˏ˩ˌ ˬ˕ʺˊʺ˘˘ʺ˖˙
Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚ ɞɨɧɨɪɥɵ
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ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɥɵ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭ ɠԥɧɟ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭ ɠԛɡɟɝɟ ɚɫɚɞɵ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɤɚɥɵΙ Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɥɟɪ
Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɥɟɪɿ
ɜɚɧɞɟɪ
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ɜɚɚɥɶɫɬɿ ɤΟɲɬɟɪ
ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɵɧɚɬɵɧ,
ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɞɵΝ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɚɪɞɵ
ɛɟɪɦɟɣɬɿɧ ɤΟɲɬɟɪɿɦɟɧ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɥɝɟɧ,
ɫԥɣɤɟɫɿɧɲɟ,
ɜɚɧɞɟɪ
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ɜɚɚɥɶɫɬɿɤ Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɥɟɪ.
ȼɚɧɞɟɪɜɚɚɥɶɫ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɿɧɟ: ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɥɵԕ, ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɹɥɵԕ
ɠԥɧɟ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹɥɵԕ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɥɟɪ ɠɚɬɚɞɵ.
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ɈɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɥɵΙ (ɞɢɩɨɥɶ
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ɞɢɩɨɥɶɞɿ) Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɥɟɪ
ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɞɵΝ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚ ɤΫɪɿɧɟɞɿ:
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɞɵΝ
ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿɥɿɝɿ ɠɨΕɚɪɵ ɛɨɥΕɚɧ ɫɚɣɵɧ, ɨɥɚɪ ɤΟɲɬɿ ɬɚɪɬɵɥɚɞɵ
ɠΩɧɟ ɫɨΕɚɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɥɵΙ Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɥɟɪ ɤΫɩ.
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ɂɧɞɭɤɰɢɹɥɵΙ (ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɥɵΙ) Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɥɟɪ
ɩɨɥɸɫ
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ɬɿ ɠΩɧɟ ɩɨɥɸɫɫɿɡ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɞɵΝ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵΝ
ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɹɥɚɧΕɚɧ ɞɢɩɨɥɶɞɚɪɵɧɵΝ ɟɫɟɛɿɧɟɧ ɤΫɪɿɧɟɞɿ: ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɧɵΝ ɞɢɩɨɥɶ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿ ɠΩɧɟ ɩɨɥɸɫɫɿɡ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɧɵΝ
ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭɵ (ɷɥɟɤɬɪ ΫɪɿɫɿɧɿΝ Ωɫɟɪɿɧɟɧ ɞɢɩɨɥɶ ɬΟɡɿɥɭɿɧɟ)
Οɥɤɟɧ ɛɨɥΕɚɧ ɫɚɣɵɧ, ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɹɥɵΙ Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɥɟɪ Οɥɤɟɧ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
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ȾɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹɥɵΙ Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɥɟɪ
ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ
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ɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɦɢɤɪɨɞɢɩɨɥɶɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɟɫɟɛɿɧɟɧ
ɤԧɪɿɧɟɞɿ:
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɞɵΝ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭɵ Οɥɤɟɧ ɛɨɥΕɚɧ
ɫɚɣɵɧ, ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹɥɵΙ Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɥɟɪ ɤΫɛɿɪɟɤ.
Ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥԑɚɧ ɬԛɪɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ
ԥɪɛɿɪ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ԛɥɟɫɿ 1
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ɤɟɫɬɟɞɟ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ.
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ɤɟɫɬɟɞɟɝɿɞɟɣ, Ar
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Xe ɠԥɧɟ HCl
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HI ԕɚɬɚɪɵɧɞɚ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ
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ɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɤԧɥɟɦɿɧɿԙ ɚɪɬɭɵɦɟɧ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭɵ ɠԥɧɟ
ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹɥɵԕ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭ (ȾԤ) ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵ ԧɫɟɞɿ. Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɥɵԕ
ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵ ɬɟɤ ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪ ԛɲɿɧ
ɧԧɥɞɟɧ ɠɚԕɫɵɪɚԕ. Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɠɚɥɩɵ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɚɪɬɭɵɦɟɧ ɫԝɣɵԕɬɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɚɣɧɚɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɫɵ
ɚɪɬɚɞɵ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɥɟɪɞɿ
ɨԕɵɬɭ ɝɚɡɞɚɪɞɵԙ, ɫԝɣɵԕɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɠԥɧɟ ԕɚɬɬɵ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɚɫɢɟɬ
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ɬɟɪɿɧ ɠԥɧɟ ԕԝɪɵɥɵɦɞɚɪɵɧ ɡɟɪɬɬɟɭ ԛɲɿɧ ɦɚԙɵɡɵ ɡɨɪ.
ȼɚɧɞɟɪɜɚɚɥɶɫ ɤԛɲɿ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɬɚɪɬɵɥɵɫɵɧɚ ɠԥɧɟ